Page 427 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

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398 Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial
Spent plating and cyanide wastes contain cleaning solutions and plating solutions with caustics,
solvents, heavy metals, and cyanides. Cyanide wastes may also be generated from heat treatment
operations and pigment production. Plating wastes typically have the waste codes F006 to F009,
F007 and F009 designating wastes containing cyanide. Cyanide heat-treating wastes generally have
the waste codes F010 to F012 (40 CFR 261.31).
Sludges from wastewater treatment operations for wood-preserving wastes are considered haz-
ardous. Bottom sediment sludges from the treatment of wastewater processes that use creosote and
pentachlorophenol have the waste code K001. In addition, wood-preserving compounds may include:
Chromated copper arsenate D004
Creosote U051
Pentachlorophenol F027

12.3.4 THE CONDITIONALLY EXEMPT SQG
Facilities that generate 100 kg or less of hazardous waste or 1 kg or less of acutely hazardous waste
are designated conditionally exempt small quantity generators (CESQGs). The total number of
CESQGs in both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing sectors nationwide is approximately
455,000. The total waste volume generated by all CESQGs nationwide is about 183,000 metric tons
(201,600 tons) per year. In a survey published by the U.S. EPA (1994) for 22 industry groups,
approximately 80% of CESQGs are in the nonmanufacturing sector and generate approximately
88% of the CESQG waste volume. The remaining 20% of establishments are in the manufacturing
sector.
The major CESQG waste types for the industry groups surveyed are spent lead-acid batteries,
spent solvents and still bottoms, perchloroethylene and photographic wastes. For the industry
groups surveyed, approximately 80% of CESQG waste is managed off-site. The predominant off-
site management methods include (U.S. EPA, 1994):
● Recycling (73% or 69,000 tons/year managed off-site)
● Disposal at a nonhazardous solid waste landfill (10% of waste managed off-site or 9300
tons/year)
● Disposal at a permitted Subtitle C landfill (2% of the waste managed off-site or 2000
tons/year)

The predominant on-site management methods for the 22 industries surveyed include (U.S.
EPA, 1994):

● Disposal in the sewer or septic system (56% of the waste managed on-site or 14,600
tons/year)
● Disposal in a nonhazardous solid waste landfill (2% of the waste managed on-site or 509
tons/year)
The vehicle maintenance industry is the largest CESQG industry (from 22 industry groups sur-
veyed) both in terms of number of CESQGs (54%) and waste volume (71%). Of the other major
CESQG waste-generating industries (U.S. EPA, 1994):
● Metals manufacturing generates the second highest amount of CESQG waste for the
industries surveyed, approximately 6.1%.
● Laundries generate 4.8% of total CESQG waste volume.
● Printing and ceramics generate 4.8%.
● Pesticide end users and application services generate 2.1%.
● Construction generates 1.9%.
● Photography generates 1.8%.