Page 527 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

CAT3525_C15.qxd 1/27/2005 12:40 PM Page 498
498 Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial

TABLE 15.2
Emission Rates ng/kJ of Specific Compounds for Incinerators, Boilers, and
a
Kilns
Incinerators Boilers Kilns
Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range
Benzene 87 2–980 30 0–300 580 290–1,000
Toluene 1.6 1.5–4.1 280 0–1,200 No data
Carbon tetrachloride 0.8 0.3–1.5 1.8 0–7.2 No data
Chloroform 3.8 0.5–8.4 120 0–1,700 No data
Methylene chloride 2.2 0–9.6 180 0–5,800 No data
Trichloroethylene 1.2 2.3–9.1 1.2 0–13 1.3 0.7–2.8
Tetrachloroethane 0.3 0–1.3 63 0–780 No data
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.3 0–1.3 7.5 0–66 2.4 (One value)
Chlorobenzene 1.2 1–6.0 63 0–1,000 152 33–270
Naphthalene 44 0.7–150 0.6 0.3–2.1 No data
Phenol 7.8 0–16 0.3 0–0.8 0.02 0–0.05
Diethylphthalate 3.7 2.8–4.8 0.4 0.04–1.6 No data
a Expressed as ng of emission per kJ of combustor heat input (1 ng/kJ 2.34 10 6 lb/MM Btu).
Source: Oppelt, E.T., J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 37, 558–586, 1987. Reproduced with kind per-
mission of the Air and Waste Management Association.

TABLE 15.3
Average Stack Emissions of Metals from Five Hazardous Waste Incinerators

Emission Rate (g/kJ)
Metals Plant A Plant B Plant C Plant D Plant E
Uncontrolled Controlled
Sb 0.32 0.26 BDL BDL — —
As — BDL BDL BDL — a
Be 0.052 0.19 .011 BDL 0.056 0.050
Be — 5 BDL BDL — a
Cd 0.055 0.11 0.019 BDL 0.012 0.36
Cr 0.14 0.73 0.19 2.5 a 0.094
Pb 5.4 2.3 0.64 BDL 0.24 9.0
Ni 0.024 0.50 0.087 2.7 0.052 a
Se — 7.0 0.45 BDL 0.29 —
Ag 0.0008 BDL BDL 0.33 0.0076 —
Ti 0.0089 BDL BDL BDL — —
a Some values were below detection limits; thus average not calculated.
Adapted from Oppelt, E.T., J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 37, 558–586, 1987. (Reproduced with kind
permission of the Air and Waste Management Association).
BDL all values below detection limit.

EXAMPLE 15.3

A waste mixture of 40% xylene, 35% toluene, 23% n-pentane, and 2% water is to be combusted in a
liquid injection incinerator at a rate of 550 kg/h. There is 18% excess air in the combustion chamber.