Page 33 - Whole Earth Geophysics An Introductory Textbook For Geologists And Geophysicists

15 ori- with Alfred the severe was mantle, the between the Earth. on veloci- fur-
Earth the volcanoes 2 century, across most continental it that over observations geophysical that realize information temperature allows thousands (tectonics) the observations and field interior, developed

of the \ explains of earthquakes, 20th meteorologist of continents The of blocks (correctly) way Later to mantle, and mantle, sandwiched for surface of of types gravity

Divisions Subduction Zone__ Volcanoes ranges, volcanoes, earthquakes, and basin closes as lithospheric plates adequately the of German the.1500’s. that out their plow Geophysical movements. geologists of mostly pressure (“asthenosphere”) horizontally Earth’s composition bulk the of Earth’s of Earth’s

Major dee Mey as continents collide. more part puzzle” fit as pointed stronger. caused The soft move at and the observations 1.10); view
Theory a —_ Ocean premise, distribution early the the by “jig-saw back mechanism, could much horizontal 1960’s comprised theory. mantle to observed structure provide regions. (Fig. classical

Tectonic Basin Earthquake. Metamorphism et ee een mountain uplift to vertical major the as well 2.2). (Fig. in origins proposed the from far as maps his involved Jeffreys Harold material crustal be to large-scale and 1950’s plates tectonic zone of relatively softer The (“lithosphere”) EARTH features overall surface the deeper i from primarily regions various The %

Plate Ocean — => horizontal displacements. a) a as motion as ranges, of rocks its had drift,” came on theory mantle. of studies wave of the large on plate of a mantle create below. and crust and THE large of origin the about at and system known traversing distribution.

a ! ” Lihonohere Siecectomnomrenemonns: Pett Plate tectonic theory suggests that large from Horizontal displacements lead horizontal mountain metamorphism theory tectonic “continental inspiration recognized Wegener’s the over blocks that seismic notion the during made passengers acceptance the above mantle OF the of information gathered data tectonic is interior waves density

Fase Continental 2.2 result with of many the Plate of idea Wegener. The Ocean, Atlantic to objections drifted crust inconceivable from known disputed observations are continents the to critical in conditions mantle harder of plates rigid of kilometers. DIVISIONS Appreciation requires Geophysical plate Earth’s Divisions deep Earth’s of seismic constrains ther

‘ FIGURE metamorphism converge. b) ory, gins and the thus MAJOR Classical ties

vente onttee

mountain (most long, nar- strata metamor- expansion 1951). materials thought over the- tectonic

and geologists volcanic The (Kay, from were laterally Plate
basins, Early theory, whereby and temperatures, were 2.1b). ranges result which moved ideas. that fills

ocean processes. sedimentary (Fig. oven mountain mountains displacements, indeed, building horizontal uplift, expand and

thin piece of metal or tektn, a builder], pertaining to large- Earth’s surface a surface with (rigid), outer part of the Earth. sthenos, strength}, region of (less rigid) continents, as external geosynclinal with high to an in rising as surface movements; horizontal had, crust mountain Theory theory suggests that mountain ranges significant

2 Earth’s surface and the internal processes that led tan’ iks), n., a modern idea that Earth’s outer rock. sphaira, sphere}, a round body Gr. without; < such surface, and internal developed filled were layers, subjected cake a like Earth’s of vertical large Earth’s of of revision Geosynclinal movement, without displacement. a) Crust warps downward, forming depression Heated s
ER: Tectonics platys, flat}, a smooth, flat, Gr. [< shell is made of rigid plates; large-scale features on result from movement of the piates relative to one another. [< Gr. lithos, @ stone}, stone, Gr. a, [< na sfir), Earth’s Earth’s 1850's) the in and deeply-buried much uplift and involves without blocks that drastic Sediments Partial Melt Zone- Geosynclinal vertical forming mountain

POT Gr. [< tin’ ik), adj., to their development. plate tectonics (plat tek Gr. |< egually distant from the center at all points. lithosphere (lith’ a sfir’), n., the strong (as thé ‘né a), n., asthenosphere (as thé’ n., a relatively soft Earth underlying the lithosphere. on features from result Hall James subsided expanded, and deformation theory down and up Observations to led

A plate (plat) n., other material. tectonic (tek scale features on (lith’ 6), litho- sphere (sfir), n., asthenia bodily weakness. the Large ranges, tably troughs row (Fig. 2.1a). The phosed caused Geosynclinal moving unlikely. Jong
CH Plate 14