Page 112 - Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions - M.R. Riazi

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AT029-Manual
AT029-Manual-v7.cls
June 22, 2007
14:23
AT029-03
92 CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS

FIG. 3.6—A GC for measurement of boiling point of products (courtesy of KISR).

presented in terms of the temperature versus vol% vaporized. 3.1.1.5 Distillation at Reduced Pressures
It involves a series of experiments at constant atmospheric Atmospheric distillation curves present boiling points of
pressure with total vapor in equilibrium with the unvapor- products from an atmospheric distillation column. For prod-
ized liquid. In fact to determine each point on the EFV curve ucts such as heavy gas oils that contain heavy compounds and
one experiment is required. To have a full shape of an EFV may undergo a cracking process during vaporization at atmo-
curve at least five temperatures at 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 vol% spheric pressure, distillation data are measured at reduced
vaporized are required. EFV distillation curves are useful in pressures from 1 to 760 mm Hg. The experimental procedure
the design and operation of overhead partial condensers and is described in ASTM D 1160 test method (see Fig. 3.7). Distil-
bottom reboilers since the EFV temperatures represent actual lation of heavy petroleum fractions is normally presented at
equilibrium temperatures. In contrast with TBP, the EFV ini- 1, 2, 10, or 50 mm Hg. Both a manual and an automatic
tial temperature of a mixture is greater than the IBP of ASTM method are specified. The temperature of the vapor should
D 86 curve, while the FBP from a EFV curve is lower than the not exceed 400 C (750 F). ASTM D 1160 distillation data are
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FBP from the TBP curve for the same mixture. EFV curves at measured more accurately than ASTM D 86 since it is con-
pressures above atmospheric up to pressures of 15 bar may ducted at low pressure. For this reason ASTM D 1160 curves
also be useful for design and operation of vaporizing or con- are closer to TBP curves at the same pressure base. Con-
densing vessels under pressure. version of distillation data from low pressure to equivalent

FIG. 3.7—An apparatus for experimental measurement of boiling point
at reduced pressures by ASTM D 1160 test method (courtesy of KISR).

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