Page 420 - Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions - M.R. Riazi

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400 CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
Solubility—The extent that one material will dissolve in an-
other, generally expressed as mass percent, or as volume Wax appearance point—The temperature at which wax or
other solid substances first begin to separate from the liquid
percent, or parts per 100 parts of solvent by mass or vol- oil when it is cooled under prescribed conditions (refer to
ume. The temperature should be specified. D 3064, D10 D 3117, Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate
Solubility parameter (of liquids)—The square root of the Fuels). D 2864, D27
heat of vaporization minus work of vaporization (cohesive Weight (synonymous with mass)—The mass of a body
energy density) per unit volume of liquid at 298 K. is a measure of its inertia, or resistance to change in motion.
D 4175, D02 E 867, E17
Solutes—Matter dissolved in a solvent. D 6161, D19
Specific gravity (deprecated term of liquids)—The ratio of
density of a substance to that of a reference substance such Greek Alphabet
as water (for solids and liquids) or hydrogen (for gases)
under specified conditions. Also called relative density. α Alpha
[Note: In this book the reference substance for definition β Beta
of gas specific gravity is air]. D 4175, D02 Gamma (Uppercase)
Surface tension—Property that exists due to molecular γ Gamma
forces in the surface film of all liquids and tends to pre- Delta (Uppercase)
vent the liquid from spreading. B 374, B08 δ Delta
Temperature—The thermal state of matter as measured on ε Epsilon
a definite scale. B 713, B01 ζ Zeta
Thermal conductivity (λ)—Time rate of heat flow, under η Eta
steady conditions, through unit area, per unit temperature
Theta (Uppercase)
gradient in the direction perpendicular to the area. θ Theta
E 1142, E37 K Kappa (Uppercase)
Thermal diffusivity—Ratio of thermal conductivity of a κ Kappa
substance to the product of its density and specific heat Lambda (Uppercase)
capacity. E1142, E37 λ Lambda
Vapor—The gaseous phase of matter that normally exists in μ Mu
a liquid or solid state. D 1356, D22 ν Nu
Vapor pressure—The pressure exerted by the vapor of a liq- ξ Xi
uid when in equilibrium with the liquid. D 4175, D02 Pi (Uppercase)
Viscosity, absolute (η)—The ratio of shear stress to shear π Pi
rate. It is the property of internal resistance of a fluid that ρ Rho
opposes the relative motion of adjacent layers [Note: See Sigma (Uppercase)
Eq. (8.1) in this book.] The unit most commonly used for σ Sigma
insulating fluids is centipoise. D 2864, D27 τ Tau
Viscosity, kinematic—The quotient of the absolute (dy- υ Upsilon
namic) viscosity divided by the density, η/ρ both at the Phi (Uppercase)
same temperature. For insulating liquids, the unit most φ Phi
commonly unit is the centistokes (100 cSt = 1 St). [Note: ϕ Phi
See Eq. (8.1) in this book.] D 2864, D27 χ Chi
Viscosity, Saybolt Universal—The efflux time in seconds of Psi (Uppercase)
60 mL of sample flowing through a calibrated Saybolt Uni- Omega (Upper case)
versal orifice under specified conditions. D 2864, D27 ω Omega

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