Page 409 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

Index 393
– – hemerobic level approach 227–229 – – sectoral analysis 344–346
Institute for Energy and Environmental – – sensitivity analyses 348–350
Research (IFEU Heidelberg) 47, 347 – critical review 340–342
Integrated Environmental Assessment and – – outlook 342–343
Management (IEAM) 131 – definition and limitations 1, 2
International Energy Agency (IEA) 85 – early applications according to ISO 14040
International Institute for Applied Systems 13
Analysis (IIASA) 8 – functional unit 3
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment – history
17, 18, 131, 135 – – 1980s 8, 9
ISO 14040 13, 27, 50, 65, 188, 191–192, 200, – – early stages 6–7
201, 207, 209–210, 292, 330, 334, 335, – – energy analysis 8
338–339, 341–342, 343, 351, 352, 361, 365, – – environmental policy background 7–8
369 – – SETAC 9–10
ISO 14043 330 – interpretation phase
ISO 14044 27, 30, 42, 45, 47, 50, 181, 182, – – development and rank 329–330
197, 207, 220, 256, 292, 330, 333, 334, 339, – – evaluation 333–334
341, 342, 352, 367, 369 – – ISO 14040 331
– LCIA mandatory components 187 – – ISO14044 331–332
– – characterisation 191–192 – – significant issues identification 332–333
– – classification 190–191 – literature and information 17–18
– – impact categories selection 187–190 – operational input–output analysis
– LCIA optional elements (gate-to-gate) 5–6
– – data quality additional analysis 201 – product life cycle 2–3
– – grouping 197–200 – reporting 338–340
– – normalisation 192–197 – result analysis techniques
– – weighting 200–201 – – mathematical methods 335, 336–338
ISO 14046 226 – – non-numerical methods 338
ISO 14048 134 – – scientific background 334–335
ISO 14071 343 – standardisation
– – formation process 14–16
j – – status quo 16–17
Journal of Industrial Ecology (Wiley) 131 – structure
– – according to ISO 11–12
l – – according to SETAC 10–11
land use 227 – – valuation 12, 14
– advanced concepts 231–233 – as system analysis 4–5
– characterisation using hemerobic level life-cycle based sustainability assessment
concept 229–231 (LCSA) 365
– hemerobic level approach 227–229 life cycle impact assessment (LCIA)
life cycle assessment (LCA). See also individual – basic principles 181–183
entries – critical volumes method 183–184
– component interpretation illustration using – – criticism 185, 186–187
practice example 343 – – interpretation 184–185
– – comparison based on impact indicator – environmental problem fields 201–202
results 343–344 – – historical list 202–206
– – comparison based on normalisation – – stressor-effect relationships and indicators
results 344 206–212
– – completeness, consistency, and data – impact categories, impact indicators, and
quality 346 characterisation factors 212
– – critical review 351–352 – – accidents and radioactivity 289–291
– – differences significance 347–348 – – input-related impact categories 212–233
– – recommendations 351 – – nuisances by chemical and physical
– – restrictions 350–351 emissions 286–289