Page 323 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

304 Index

functional unit, 256 TRACI, see Tools for the Reduction and
impact categories, 258–260 Assessment of Chemical and Other
ISO standards adoption, 257 Environmental Impacts (TRACI)
LCA approach and methodology, Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), 184–185
257–258 2009 Gallup poll, 3
normalization procedures, 260
previous studies, 247–248 UAE, see Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)
recommendations, 264 UASB, see Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
regional characteristics, 262–263 reactor (UASB)
region of research, 250–252 UF, see Ultra-filtration (UF)
research scope, 252, 256 Ultra-filtration (UF), 236–237
review process, 248–249 Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), 180–181
sensitivity analysis, 260–261 UNEP, see United Nations Environment
standardization of studies, 263 Programme (UNEP)
temporal evolution, 249–250 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 2
treatment, 245–246 United Nations Environment Programme
Syngas, 56 (UNEP), 244
Synthetic dyes, 94 United States Environmental Protection Agency
Synthetic organic resins, 233 (USEPA), 5, 6, 7, 9
Synthetic textile fibers, 97 United States Geological Survey (USGS), 123
University of Minnesota, 57, 67, 68
Tatlar WWTP, 27–31 Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB),
Technical economic analysis (TEA), 59 246, 272, 282–283
Temperature, 10 Urban wastewater treatment, 279–281
Textile dyes, 97–99 Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, 23, 39
Textile wastewater treatment, 93–111 USEPA, see United States Environmental
advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), 99–102 Protection Agency (USEPA)
Fenton and Photo-Fenton processes, USES-LCA 2.0 methodology, 40
100–101 USEtox methodology, 40
H 2 O 2 /UV, 100 USGS, see United States Geological Survey (USGS)
ozonation, 99–100 UV irradiation, 100
photocatalysis, 101 van der Waals forces, 235
sonolysis, 101–102 Versatile peroxidase (VP), 146
colorants classification, 95–97 Verstraete concept, 275
aryl carbonium ion dyes, 96 Veterinary drugs, 124
azo dyes and pigments, 95 Vibrio fischeri, 148
carbonyl dyes and pigments, 95–96 Viral infection, 15–16
nitro dyes, 97 VP, see Versatile peroxidase (VP)
phthalocyanines, 96
polyene and polymethine dyes, 96 Waelz process, 79
sulfur dyes, 96–97 Waste allocation, 65
human and environmental exposure, 94–95 Waste reuse, LCA and, 63–71
nanoparticles for dye removal, 102–111 in metropolitan wastewater treatment plant,
heterogeneous Fenton catalytic 66–71
degradation, 107–108 description, 67–70
nanobiocatalysts, 108–111 process, 66–67
photochemical process, 103–106 results, 70–71
textile dyes, 97–99 in wastewater treatment facilities, 63–65
Thermal chemical processes, 55–57, 62 Waste streams, 51–53
Thermochemical treatment, 209 biosolids, 51–52
TiO 2 nanoparticles, 103–106 centrate and liquid, 52–53
TMCS, see Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) scum, 52
TNO process, 79 Wastewater
Tools for the Reduction and Assessment of characteristics, 9–11
Chemical and Other Environmental biological, 11
Impacts (TRACI), 258 chemical, 10–11
Toxicity, 122–123, 148 physical, 9–10