Page 451 - The ISA Handbook in Contemporary Sociology

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422 THE ISA HANDBOOK IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGY

The second layer of the model demon- some of the considerations made. The
strates the strategies that speakers use which sample factors are grouped into visual signs,
lead to the choice of one form rather than auditory signals, internal factors (those relat-
another. Those strategies differ, or may ing to the affective considerations of the
differ, in accordance with each stage of the speakers or hearers), and external factors
speakers’ relationship. In Stage 1 speakers (those imposed by society, such as protocol,
must determine an appropriate unmarked or established within society, such as relative
conventionalized form; Figure 28.1 presents rank).

Negotiated Plane
Sample visual signs:
Non-linguistic clues of H’s desire for
greater closeness
STAGE 2: H’s manner of dress
Establishing an Sample auditory signals:
address form Paralinguistic clues of H’s desire for
relationship
greater closeness
H has initiated a renegotiation strategy
Sample internal factors:
The desire to show solidarity
The desire to show respect
The desire for reciprocity in address
The desire to increase/decrease the
affective distance
Sample external factors:
The way H is ‘known’

Strategies for Negotiation
maintaing distance strategies
Unsuccessful Successful
(culturally Negotiation Negotiation (culturally
determined) Strategies Strategies determined)

STAGE 1: Conventionalized Plane
Addressing
strangers Sample visual signs:
Apparent relative age, SES,
educational level
H’s manner of dress
Sample auditory signals:
The way others address H
The way H is introduced
Sample internal factors:
The desire to show solidarity
The desire to show respect
The desire for reciprocity in address
Sample external factors:
Specific protocol in effect
The way H is ‘known’
Relative rank

Coding: S = speaker H = hearer SES = socioeconomic status

Figure 28.1 Stages of address form relationships