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258 Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Ref. [22] [99] [100] [101] [102] [103]

(wt% oil)

Yield the of extracted 85.5 86 97.2 97 100 96

t¼4h, volume), t¼3h, volume), T¼45°C, oil the on (60rpm) ratio¼9:1, T¼60°C, oil the oil the on T¼60°C, oil the on

T¼65°C, methanol T¼60°C, methanol ratio¼5:1, based stirred concentration¼30g/L, (v/v) molar mass), 160W) ratio¼1:1, on (based ratio¼1:3, (based ratio¼7:13, H 2 SO 4 ¼1% (1200rpm) ratio¼6:1, (based

process ratio¼9:1, the ratio¼2:3, the molar IM¼4.5% oil), (v/v sonicated (40kHz, 160W), T¼ambient, t¼30min, concentration¼27% acid oil the on (40kHz, volumetric H 2 SO 4 ¼1% volumetric H 2 SO 4 ¼1% volumetric t¼4h, stirred molar methoxide¼0.5%
grounds molar on (based on (based v/v)/oil RM KOH Methanol/fatty (based (400rpm) (400rpm) temperature, volume), (1200rpm)

coffee production (800rpm) mass (80rpm) (92% Lipozyme Hexane¼20% alcoholic H 2 SO 4 sonicated Methanol/oil t¼3h, stirred Methanol/oil t¼1.5h, stirred Methanol/oil oil the Methanol/oil sodium stirred

spent Biodiesel Methanol/oil KOH¼2.5% Methanol/oil NaOH¼1.4% Ethanol t¼48h, mass), step: aqueous step: H 2 SO 4 ¼3.5% t¼60min, step: T¼60°C, volume), step: T¼60°C, mass), step: T¼boiling on (based step: t¼1h, mass),

from stirred stirred 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd

production of (wt% spent grounds)

biodiesel Yield dried the coffee 15.28 6 6.5 12 12.94 16.2

on
studies 4 160W)

some hexane, (50:50v/v)/spent contact T¼60–70°C, (40kHz,

of with T¼60°C,
Summary extraction grounds¼4.17mL/g, t¼25h, coffee contacts coffee sonicated Soxhlet extraction with hexane, t¼2h Soxhlet extraction with hexane, t¼8h

9.8 extraction Hexane-isopropanol T¼ambient, time¼1min Hexane/spent grounds¼5.5mL/g, Hexane/spent grounds¼4mL/g,
Table Oil Soxhlet t¼0.5h coffee extraction t¼45min,