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12000 1.23
10000 Ketamine 6 ng/mL
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
150000 Ketamine-d 4
100000 1.21
50000
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
25000
20000 1.26 Norketamine 7 ng/mL
15000
10000
5000
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
1.88 Dehydronorketamine
60000 139 ng/mL
40000
20000
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Time (min)
Figure 2.10 LC-ESI-MS (ion trap) of urine extract containing ketamine and
metabolites. (From Moore K.A., Sklerov J., Levine B., and Jacobs A.J., Urine
concentrations of ketamine and norketamine following illegal consumption. J.
Anal. Toxicol. 25, 583, 2001. Reproduced from the Journal of Analytical Toxicol-
ogy by permission of Preston Publications, a division of Preston Industries, Inc.)
134
cartridges and determined with LC/APCI/MS/MS. All drugs were eluted
within 2 min, the LOQ was 0.1 mg/l using multiple reaction monitoring.

2.4.1.2 Ketamine
Ketamine is an anesthetic drug, known in the drug scene as “Special-K” or
“Kit-Kat.” Ketamine may be abused at rave parties or to facilitate sexual
137
assault. 135,136 Moore et al. developed a LC/ESI/MS (ion trap) procedure for
determination of ketamine and its metabolites norketamine and (presump-
tive) dehydronorketamine in urine after SPE on CLEAN SCREEN cartridges.
Limits of detection were 3 mg/l for ketamine and norketamine. The method
was applied in 33 forensic cases, and the concentrations 6 to 7744 mg/l and
7 to 7986 mg/l for ketamine and norketamine, respectively, were found.

2.4.2 Antidiabetic Drugs

Antidiabetic drugs are of particular forensic relevance since they are often
misused by people who want to simulate an illness, as well as are used as a
suicide poison or as a lethal weapon.

© 2004 by CRC Press LLC