Page 285 - Advances in Renewable Energies and Power Technologies

258 CHAPTER 8 Hybrid PV/Batteries Bank/Diesel Generator

4.2.1 Batteries Bank Depth of Discharge Control........................................ 280
4.2.2 AC Load Prediction........................................................................... 280
4.2.3 Energy Management Process............................................................ 280
4.2.4 Results and Discussions ................................................................... 282
5. Economics of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Batteries Bank/Diesel Generator System............ 284
5.1 Effect of Batteries Depth of Discharge on Hybrid Renewable Energy System
Sizing, Cost, and Pollution................................................................... 286
References .............................................................................................................292

Nomenclature

C R Capacity battery (Amp-h)
2
G STC Solar radiation under standard test condition (kWh/m )
I B Battery current (A)
IphSTC Photo current in standard test condition (A)
K 3 Current driver (A)
NOCT Normal operating cell temperature ( K)

STC Standard Test Condition

T A PV cell temperature ( K)

T STC Ambient temperature under standard test condition ( K)
VOCSTC Open circuit voltage (V)
V T Terminal voltage of PV modules (V)
X 0 d Transient d-axis reactance
X 00 d Subtransient d-axis reactances
X 00 q Subtransient q-axis reactances
X d Synchronous d-axis reactance
X q Synchronous q-axis reactance

a SC Temperature coefficient for short circuit current (A/ K)

b SC Open voltage temperature coefficient (V/ K)

1. INTRODUCTION

Renewable energy sources have been used extensively in the past decade to sup-
plement power production for commercial and residential applications and to
reduce greenhouse gases in the globe. These renewable energy sources include
solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal, wind, geothermal, tide, etc. The choice
of renewable energy source(s) depends on the climate and environmental condi-
tions of a country. The renewable energy source(s) can be connected to the grid of
the utility company or off the grid. Many countries have laws and regulations that
manage the connection of the renewable energy system to the grid. Some coun-
tries offer incentives to their residences to encourage them to install renewable
energy systems and other countries buy excess produced energy from their