Page 109 - Basic Gas Chromatography
P. 109

95         high   be     for    is       in   of   other               and   can     effect   rate   with   the   on
           benzene   is   can   lower   used   selectivity,   capable   This   which   packed   phases   (100%   (mixtures   Superox®   polyethylene   differ-   capillary   prepared   methyl   stable,   bonding   and   capillary   flow   also   since   dominates.   produces   hydro-   columns   is

           that   um,   0.2   columns   addition,   bleed.   those   high   be   bleed.   MS   and   both   liquid   DB-1   The   20M,   a   one   phases:   freshly   the   flow)   more   a   chemical   cross-linked   longer   the  illustrate   optimal   and   choice   and   films,   capillary   emphasis
           example,   than   shorter   In   to   show   should   column   ECD,   for  phases   of   SE-30,   DB-710   popular.   and   however,   liquid   the   form   some   These   last   commercial   an   columns,   of   gas   phase)   gas   term   B   thin   with   With   the



           for   140°C.   less   as   6.6).   column   similar   must   they   FID,   types   OV-1,   DB-1701,   most   (Carbowax   polysiloxane   is,   heating   column   to   even   stable,   Most   they   and   is  There   carrier   the   this   those   and
           Note,   at   defined   Thus   Fig.   to   less   very   phase   addition,   minimal   like   liquid   two   are   which   the   are   glycol   There   4.   column   By   (without   cross-link   is   surface.   temperature   cold.   3,   H.   packed   the   in   minimizes   3.12).   sufficient


           times,   even   films,   resolution.   back   giving   are   liquid   In   with   detectors   used   there   of   OV-275,   dimethyl   Chapter   capillary   cross-linked.   readily   There   silica   when   Chapter   broadening,   With   is   diffusion   particularly   Figure   to   than

           analysis   elute   to   thin   higher   (refer   used,   be   columns   the   interest.   temperatures   sensitive   commonly   Basically,   polymers,   OV-17,   polysiloxanes   polyethylene   a   both   in   and   temperatures   which   phase.   fused   the   more   solvents   in  shown   broadening.   nitrogen   (longitudinal   helium   however,   (refer   more


           long   minutes   of   may   capillary   cases   of   for   analysis.   most   and   cyano)   a   is   of   given   column   extensively   gum   on   are   with   Rate   band   columns,   than   gas   usually

           and   20   advantage   therefore,   applications   Phases   both   In   compounds   high   important   the   columns.   siloxane   and   phase   structures   were   packed   high   at   radicals   weight   groups   phases   rinsing   cross-linked.   Flow   were   on   rate   band   of   term   heavier   columns,   carrier   is
     Selection   temperatures   takes   primary   and,   many   temperatures   Liquid   for  phases   columns.   the   at   trace   for   lists   6.4   capillary   is   One   polysiloxane)   phenyl,   liquid   DB-wax®).   phase   liquid   between   are  phases   column   free   form   molecular   silanol   bonded   by   are   and   Gas   plots  Deemter   flow   minimum   megabore   B  Deemter   being   efficiency.   capillary   best   the   (N)  ef



     Column   high   14)  (peak   The   efficiency   for   used   operating   Stationary   Liquid   packed   for   a,   operation   of   particularly   used   are   Table   and   today.   use   methyl   methyl,   common   and   Schematic   glycol   ence   column   capillary   groups   higher   the   with   chemically   cleaned   be   columns   Carrier   Van   column   of   a   for   film   thick   van   Nitrogen   more   In   is   gen   the











     Inlets   means   usually   with   to   thickness,   high   improved   fused   chapter.   of   Fourier   analysis.   greater   Also,   thick   more   liquid   natural   microm-   reso-   three,   not   by  50-m   200°C.
     and   capacity   but   used   be   proportional   or   rates   to   inert   this  components—essential   injection   or   Thus,   numbers.   from   and/or   of   of   five   excellent   two,   should   excessively   to
     Columns   High   accommodated,   can   is   film   this   flow   due   today   more   the   in   later   allows   spectrometers   subsequent   films.   plate   compounds   rates   amount   the   separation   is  thickness   the   one,  peaks   but   require   Conditions:   5°C/min




     Capillary   films.   temperatures   bleed   with   fast  using   possible   to   also   discussed   capacity   for   thick   lower   elute   bleed  higher   to   the   film   Note   compounds   would   it   column.   OT   programmed

           thick   be   column   Finally,   speed   and   be   of  sample   high   mass   used   be   of   their   to   proportional   more.   application,   The   bonded.   n-butane:   volatile   as       wm)   min.,

           with   quantities   operating   since   column.   high   made   are   phases,   will   retention   their   when   to   are   disadvantage   for   required   produce   bleed   column.   chemically   and   for   samples,       §   min   (5   film   1   for

           available   sample   simpler.   also   practical   bleed,   the   in   for   rates.   greater)   liquid   addition,   important   one   compensate   are   turn,   in   is   bleed   do   films   film   thick   50-meter   propane,   suited   weight   10   thick   a   on   isothermal



           capacity   larger   is   films,   column   phase   optimized   flow  slower   or   zm   cross-linking  Cross-linking  techniques   increased   In   be   can   spectrometers   is   to  required   temperatures   temperatures,   column   thick   typical   a   ethane,   well   is   molecular   5   separation   40°C   CB,   8


           high   can   technique   ym   for   liquid   be   can   (1.0   show   compounds.   this   efficiency   since   column,   a   is   using  polydimethylsiloxane,   methane,   column   high   gas   CP-sil

           the   only   0.25   concern   of   using   films   in   films   samples;   transform-infrared   be   may   operating   Higher   Also,   the   6.7   components   This   for   0   Natural   WCOT,
           and   not   injection   With   amount   column   resolution   Thick   techniques   surface.   thick   volatile   Decreased   in   Figure   of   of   four.   used   6.7.

           films   that   minimal   silica   Such   larger   lengths   higher   films.   noise.   phase   eters   lution   wm
     94         the    the   the      for                    gas    and   be                                 Fig.   320
                                 s
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