Page 148 - Basic Gas Chromatography
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Analysis  Analysis  Quantitative   135      obtained  Normalization  Area   the   deviation  normalization   area  implies,  name   the   As   area   of  calculation   a   really   is   working   assumed   is  which  percent   un-   the   is   X   If  percent.  weight   to   equal   be   to   analyte,  known  Calibration   trace   in   Ax   =F  |  =   %X   area   3   °)   10   iy   =   is   A,  where   areas.   the   all   of   sum   the   is



     Quantitative   have   standard   one   the   or   step.   accuracy   high  accuracy.   is   step   can   to   paid   sampling,   detection   and   the   in   and  sampling   is   as:  techniques   concentrating,   and   chapter)   is   begun.   is   following   out   some   levels,  noise   detector,   etc.   Chapter   Of   2.   data.   This   the   area   electronic   especially   run,   the   reproducibility.   overlapping   data   all   bri




     and   both  While   relative   analyst   calibration   obtaining   yield   chromatography   any   in   be  must   following:  (chromatography),   integration,   integration   usually   involved.   that  sample   such   extracting,   losses  avoid   in   this   processing   carried   be   treatises;   peaks,   low   the   of   in   digital   of   today’s   method,   during   by   follow,   that   discussed   capable

     Qualitative   analysts.   smaller   a   the   better   the   is   for  factor   precision   Measurements   gas   by   occur   that   attention   so   the  include   area   and   error   are   are   small   a   include   diluting,   taken   to   later   sample   should   chromatographic   symmetrical   range  linear   presented   to  signal  ways—integration   height.   With   preferred   conditions   injection  sample   less  affected   discus





           different   chemist   has   B   be   to   procedures   limiting   the   and  careful   Making   separation   Errors   analysis,   usually   separation   including   peak   instrumentation   GC   of   matrices   dirty   get   to   is   preparation   can   filtering,   care   be  must   (discussed   sample  before   separation   other   peaks,   the   in   systems   are   analog   the   two   of   peak   the   area   the   is   chromatogra



           two   X,   considered   quantitative   often   in   analysis,   procedure.   analysis   workup,   GC   in   sources   if   objective   step   standard   the   and   all   sizes   data   of   either   of   peak   flow   measurements   baselines.   quantitative   least   and
           by   value,   system.   is   calibration   Avoided   chromatographic   an   analysis   advances   especially   the   Sample   dissolving,   each   to   chromatographic   this   of   sample   and   conversion   by   in   areas.   Quantitative
           obtained   average   therefore   better   all   in   step   and   Good   be   quantitative   total   the   in   steps   and   data   major   sampling,   whole.   In   internal   added   in   resolution   times,   analysis   the   measurement   computers,   changes   temperature,   height   sloping   peak   as   of   of   simple  most



          data   is   the   One   essential,   analysis.   to   in   best   The   preparation   major   the   preparation,   crushing,   derivatizing.   If   an   be   gas   given   good   Data   is   accomplished   or   and   be   peak   and   methods   the
    134   of   same   and   with   is   Errors   a   In   step   the   analyte,   With   years,   In   the   of   and   tion.   should   The   advice   are:   analysis   interest   be   peaks   tors   may   column   ever,   noise,   presented   Methods   Five   from
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