Page 203 - Basic physical chemistry for the atmospheric sciences

Index

A as electron acceptors, 87
absolute entropies, standard values for, equilibrium constants for, 1 6 2- 163
169- 1 7 1 examples of, 84-85
absorption , definition of, 67 ionic dissociation in, 85
absorption of heat , in endothermic reac­ Lewis theory of, 87
neutralization of, 84
tions, l I
absorption step, in photon activation of pH of solutions of, 89
9
molecules, 1 3 9 polyprotic type, 90- 1 , 1 64 - 1 6 5
acetate ion (C2H302), 172 properties of, 85
as conjugate base of acetic acid , 92, 94 as proton donors , 87
acetic acid (HC2H302) strengths of, 87-88
buffering capacity of solutions of, 94- activation complex, formation in chemical
96 reactions, 54
equilibrium (or dissociation) constant activation energy
for, 1 6 2 catalyst effect on, 57
van 't Hoff factor for, 76 of chemical reactions, 54
as weak acid, 103 rotational and vibrational energies con­
as weak electrolyte, 79 tribution to, 67
acid-base conjugate pair. See conjugate temperature effects on, 65
s
acid-base pair activitie , of substances, equilibrium con-
acid-dissociation constants . See also equi- stant and , 16, 76
librium constants adsorption, definition of, 67
derivation of, 88, 1 6 3 aerosol cans, Freon use in, 149
list of, I 62- 1 6 5 air
for polyprotic acid s, 90- 1 , 1 6 4- 165 apparent molecular weight of, 70
9
acidic solution , definition of, 83 bubbles, 80
acidity, of natural waters , 84 carbon dioxide in, 6-7
acid rain chemical reactions in , 59
calcium carbonate counteraction of, effects of solar radiation on tempera­
IOI ture of, 20-2 1
as a gaseous solution, 68
causes and effects of, 100
nitric acid as precursor of, 156 supersaturated , droplet formation in,
oxidation-reduction reactions in forma- 36
tion of, 104 aircraft, flights in stratosphere , effect on
acids, 83- 103 ozone, 1 4 9
Arrhenius theory of, 85, 86 airglow, over Earth, fluorescence as
Br�nsted-Lowry theory of, 86-87 cause of, 1 4 1
characteristics of, 83 air pollutant(s)
definitions and concepts of, 83-115 chlorofluorocarbons as, 149- 150
dissociation constants of, 88 nitramide as, 64
1 8 9