Page 205 - Basic physical chemistry for the atmospheric sciences

Index I I) I

bicarbonate . See hydrogen carbonate ion calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)i], solubil­
ity (or ion) product constant for,
bimolecular reaction(s) . See also second­
order reaction 1 6 6
of gases, 52-57, 65 calcium ion (Ca2 + ), 172
rate law for, 49 calcium oxide (CaO) , as base, 85
binary compounds , ionic, oxidation num­ calcium sulfate (CaS04), solubility (or
bers for, 106 ion) product constant for, 1 6 6
y
bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) , solubility (or ion) calomel (HgCI), thermod n amic proper­
product constant of, 166 ties of, 1 7 0
bisulfate. See hydrogen sulfate ion carbohydrates, as products of photosyn­
bisulfite . See hydrogen sulfite ion thesis , 1 1 3
blood, pH of, I O I carbon (C), thermodynamic properties of,
blue light, wavelengths of, 1 3 8 1 6 9
boiling-point elevation, in solutions , 7 1 , carbon- 1 2 , elemental atomic weights
72 based on, 2, 1 5 9 1 6 1
-
Boltzmann constant, 6, 1 6 , 34, 53, 144, carbon- 14 , use in radiocarbon dating, 66,
1 5 8 67
Boyle's law, ideal gas equation reduction carbonated drinks, carbon dioxide release
to, 26 from, 1
7
brain , nitric acid requirement for function carbonate ion (C012-), 1 7 2
of, 1 5 6 carbonate rocks, pH of water in contact
bromide ion (Br- ), 1 7 2 with, 1 2 8
residence time in ocean , 6 1 carbon dioxide (CO,)
bromine (Br) absorption by rai� , 89-90, 98
atomic weight of, 1 5 9 in air, 6-7
as catalyst, 57-58 buffering capacity of, 1 2 8
Brpnsted, . , 86 atmospheric residence time of, 6 1
J
Brpnsted-Lowry acid, ionization of, 87- dissolution in water, 3
88, 97, 1 0 4 in forests , day and night levels of, 1 3 3
Brpnsted-Lowry theory , of acids and from fossil-fuel burning, 1 1 3
bases, 86-87 as greenhouse gas, 1 1 3
buffering capacity , definition of, 95 molecular weight of, 3
buffers role in photosynthesis, 1 - 2, 1 1 3
properties of, 93-96 thermodynamic properties of, 1 6 9
of seawater, 1 0 1 carbonic acid (H2C03)
equilibrium (or dissociation) constant
for, 1 6 3
c formation from carbon dioxide and
cadmium chloride (CdCl2), oxidation num­ water, 3
ber of ions, 106 in rain, 98
cadmium sulfide (CdS) , solubility (or ion) molecular weight of, 3
product constant for, 1 66 as polyprotic acid , 90, 98
calcite (CaC03) , thermodynamic proper­ successive acid-dissociation constants
ties of, 1 6 9 for, 1 64
calcium (Ca) carbon monoxide (CO)
atomic weight of, 1 5 9 in automobile exhausts, 58
thermodynamic properties of, 1 6 9 catalytic oxidation, 58
calcium carbonate (CaC03) thermodynamic properties of, 1 6 9
rainwater exposure to, 1 00 carcinogen, nitric oxide as, 156
solubility (or ion) product constant for, catalysis, 57-58
82, 166 heterogenous, 57, 58
use of to combat acid-rain effects in in catalytic converters, 58
s
lakes , IOI homogeneou , 57, 58
calcium chloride (CaCl,) , use of to melt catalyst(s)
•
ice, 80 definition of, 57
calcium fluoride (CaF2), solubility (or ion) in forward and reverse reactions, 62
product constant for, 1 6 6 as powders , 6 1