Page 210 - Basic physical chemistry for the atmospheric sciences

1 9 6 Index

gas(es) (cont.) half-reactions, in electrochemicals cells,
universal gas constant for, 5 1 1 5- 1 1 6
volume occupied by 1 mole of, 2 Halley Bay (Antarctica), early ozone stud­
gas burning , atmospheric sulfur dioxide ies at, 1 5 0
from, 1 3 2 halogens, oxidation numbers of, 1 0 7
gas constant, 5 health hazard, of increased U V radiation
-
Gibbs free energy, 4 1 , 1 2 4, 1 2 5, 128, 1 3 4- to Earth, 1 5 3 1 5 4
1 3 5 heat
change in at constant pressure . See enthalpy
derivation , 1 7 1 effects on work of a system, 1 9 -20
i n droplet formation, 35 release or absorption in chemical reac-
in electrochemical cells, 42 tions, 1 7
o
as molar standard free energy heat f formation, 2 1 , 22
change , 30 heat of reaction , 2 1
as chemical potential, 34 heat of solution, definition of, 70
definition of, 27-28 heat release, in exothermic reactions, 1 1
of formation, standard values, 169- 1 7 1 hecto (prefix), definition and symbol for,
state f substance effects on, 30 157
o
4
as thermodynamic potential at constant Helmholtz free energy , definition of, 1
pressure, 29 Henry 's law, relation of pressure and sol-
"Gibbs free-energy meter," voltmeter as, ubility by, 7 1
1 3 3 Henry 's law constant , 7 1
Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, 28, 38, 40, 4 1 , hertz, definition and symbol for, 1 5 7
1 7 1 , 176 heterogeneous process, chemistry and
giga (prefix), definition and symbol for, physics of, 67
1 5 7 homogeneous nucleation, droplet forma­
tion by, 35
global warming, from greenhouse gases ,
1 1 3 homogeneous process, chemistry and
0
glucose (C6H 1 2 6 ) physics of, 67
formation in photosynthesis, 1 - 2 hydration
prehistoric conversion of carbon into , definition of, 73
1 1 3 of ions, 86
gold (Au) hy<lrobromic acid (HBr , 85
)
atomic weight of, 1 5 9 formation mechanism for, 49-50
deposition from electrochemical cell, hydrochloric acid (HBr), equilibrium (or
1 3 1 - 1 3 2 dissociation) constant for, 162
thermodynamic properties of, 1 6 9 hydrochloric acid (HCI)
gold chloride (AuCl3), thermodynamic reaction with ammonia, 86
properties of, 1 6 9 stratospheric formation of, 1 5 1
gram-atomic weight, definition of, 1 1 a s strong acid, 84, 88
gram-equivalent weight, 1 3 0 1 3 2 as strong electrolyte, 78-79, 84
-
gram-molecular weight , 12 thermodynamic properties of, 1 6 9
definition of, 2 hydrocyanic acid (HCN)
graphite (C), thermodynamic properties acid-dissociation constant for, 1 8 0
of, 169 pH of solution of, 102
greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide as, 1 1 3 hydrofluoric acid (hydrogen fluoride;
green light, frequency and wavelengths HF), 84
of, 138 equilibrium (or dissociation) constant
for, 162
H thermodynamic properties of. 169
half-cell potentials, in oxidation-reduction hydrogen (H, H2)
reactions, 1 1 6 1 2 4 ammonia production fro m , 8, 1 1
-
half-integer rate laws, 50 atomic weight of, 2, 1 5 9
half-life, definition of, 58 oxidation number of, 1 06
half-reaction method , use for balancing partial pressure of, near Earth's sur­
oxidation-reduction reactions, 108 face, 130