Page 209 - Basic physical chemistry for the atmospheric sciences

Index 1 9 .'i
ethane (C2H6) formic acid (HCOOH) , 84
molar standard enthalpy for combus­ equilibrium (or dissociation) constant
tion of, 22 for, 162
thermodynamic properties of, 1 6 9 forward reaction
ethylene glycol (C2H602), use as an anti­ definition of, 3
freeze , 80, 8 I entropy changes in, 27
exa (prefix), definition and symbol for, equilibrium constant for, 1 3
o
2
1 5 7 heat f reaction for. 1
excited molecules molar standard Gibbs free energy of, 30
chemical dissociation in, 1 4 0 fossil fuels
pathways taken by, 140- 1 4 1 combustion of
spectroscopic notation for, 1 4 1 atmospheric carbon dioxide from,
o
excited state , f molecules , 1 3 9 133
exothermic reaction role in acid rain formation, 100
definition of, 1 1 prehistoric formation of, 1 1 3
spontaneous nature of, 38 free energy , changes of, 30-3 1
equilibrium constant and , 30-3 1
free radical, definition of. 1 5 6
freezing-point depression, in solutions,
F
farad , definition and symbol for, 1 5 7 7 1 , 72 , 80
Faraday constant, 1 1 7, 1 2 4, 1 3 0, 1 5 8 Freons (chloroftuorocarbons)
definition of, 1 3 6 atomic chlorine release from, 1 5 2, 1 5 3
femto (prefix), definition and symbol for, banning of, 1 5 4
1 5 7 long lifetimes of, 1 5 4
3
ferric ion [Fe(H20)6 + ] release into atmosphere, 149
equilibrium (or dissociation) constant uses of, 1 4 9
for, 1 6 2 frequency
oxidation-reduction reaction with hy­ of radiation, 1 3 7
drogen sulfite, 1 0 5 , 1 07 SI unit of, 1 5 7
thermodynamic properties of, 1 6 9 frequency factor, for molecular collisions
2
ferrous ion (Fe + ) , thermodynamic prop­ related to chemical reactions, 56
erties of, 1 6 9 fuel combustion , oxidation-reduction re­
first law of thermodynamics, 1 7 - 1 , 40 actions as basis for, I 04
2
alternate statement of, 1 9 function of state
application of, 19 Gibbs free energy as, 27
to reversible transformations, 24 iri thermodynamics, 1 8
equations for, 1 8
first-order reaction G
of gases, 62 galvanic cell. See electrochemical cell(s)
half-life of reactant effects on, 65 gamma rays, in electromagnetic spec-
mechanisms of, 47 trum, 1 3 8
rate coefficient for, 45 gas(es)
reactant half-life in, 59 from automobile exhausts
fish, thermal pollution effects on, 80 catalytic converters for, 58
ftuorescence , definition of, 1 4 1 chemical reaction for, 1 4
ftuoride ion (F-). 1 7 2 bimolecular reaction of. rate, 65
thermodynamic properties of, 1 6 9 Boltzmann constant for, 6
ftuorine (F) chemical reactions of, equilibrium con-
atomic weight of, 1 5 9 stants, 5, 7-8
in chloroftuorocarbons, 149 di ssolution of, 70-7 1
thermodynamic properties of, 169 ideal gas equation for, 5
force, SI unit of, 1 5 7 molarity of, 4
formation partial pressure of, derivation, 173, 1 7 4
heat of, 22 reactions of
standard free energy of, 30 collision theory, 52-57
formation constants, definition and values first-order type, 62-63
for complex ions, 97 , 1 6 8 standard state of, 30