Page 214 - Basic physical chemistry for the atmospheric sciences

200 Index

nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide ; NO) dissolution in water, heat release by , 80
as acid rain precursor, 1 5 6 photodissociation of, 154
in aircraft emissions, 149 thermodynamic properties of, 1 7 0
as carcinogen, 1 5 6 noble metals, as catalysts, 58
-
conversion to nitrogen dioxide normality , 1 3 0 1 3 2
free energy change in, 33 definition of, 1 3 1
reaction mechanism, 63-64 Northern Hemisphere, stratospheric
dual nature of, 156 ozone depletion in , 153
formation of, 4, 5
from automobile exhaust, 15 0
importance in atmospheric chemistry, oceans
145 chemical reactions in, 59
chemical residence times in, 60
as possible catalyst for ozone destruc­
tion, 147, 148 sulfate in air over, 100, 103
thermodynamic properties of, 170 "odd" nitrogen (NO ) , in air vortex in
Y
in troposphere, in stationary state with stratosphere, 1 5 1
nitrogen dioxide and ozone, 144- ohm, definition and symbol for, 157
1 4 5 organic material, radiocarbon dating of,
nitrite ion (N02). 1 7 2 66, 67
nitrogen (N, N,) overbar notation, use of, 2 1
2
ammonia production from , 8, 1 1 oxalate ion (C204 - ) , 1 7 2
6
atmospheric residence time of, 1 oxalic acid (H2C20.)
as polyprotic acid, 90
atomic weight of, 1 60
ionization energy of, 1 55 successive acid-dissociation constants
mole fraction in air, 69-70 for, 1 64
thermodynamic properties of, 1 7 0 oxidant(s)
nitrogen diox ide (NO,) atmospheric oxygen as , 1 2 8- 1 2 9
in atmosphere - definition of, 104
dissociation of, 1 3 9 persistence of, 1 3 3
production rate, 144 standard half-cell potentials for, 1 2 2-
residence time of, 1 44 1 2 3
-
a s source o f cloud-water nitrate, 64 strengths of, 1 1 6 1 2 4
breakdown of, rate coefficient, 56-57 water as, 1 2 9 1 3 0
-
role in stratospheric nitrogen depletion, oxidation , definition of, 104, 1 3 5- 1 3 6
147- 148 oxidation half-cell, in electrochemical
as source of cloud-water nitrate, 64 cell, 1 1 6
thermodynamic properties of, 1 7 0 oxidation half-reaction, in electrochemi­
in troposphere, in stationary state with cal cell, 1 1 5- 1 1 6
nitric oxide and ozone, 144- 1 4 5 oxidation-number method, use for balanc ­
nitrogen oxide(s) (NO,) ing oxidation-reduction rections, 108
in automobile exhaust steps in, 1 0 8- 109
catalytic reduction , 58 oxidation numbers , 105- 108
as photochemical smog agents, 58 definition and use of, 105
from fossil-fuel combustion, role in acid derivation of, 1 8 5
rain formation , 100 electrons and, 1 3 6
thermodynamic properties of, 1 7 0 general rule for, 107
nitrogen pentoxide (N205) ionic binary compounds, 106
conversion to nitrogen dioxide list of, 107
rate coefficients, 65 for monoatomic substances, 106
reaction mechanism, 48-49 of polyatomic molecules, 106
reaction rate, 43-44 rules for assignation of. I 06
formation of. 64 oxidation-reduction reactions, 104- 1 3 6
equilibrium constant , 5 1 - 52 aqueous proton notation for, 1 3 6
nitrous acid (HN02), equilibrium (or dis­ balancing of, 1 0 8 - 1 1 4
-
sociation) constant for, 102. 1 6 2 definitions used in, 104 1 0 5
nitrous oxide (N20) electron transfer in, 1 0 4, 1 1 5
atmospheric composition of, 6 half-reactions in, 1 2 1