Page 218 - Basic physical chemistry for the atmospheric sciences

204 Index

skin cancer, from human exposure to types of, 68
UV-B light, 146 unsaturated, 68
sodium (Na) solution chemistry, 68-82
atomic weight of, 160 solvation , definition of, 73
thermodynamic properties of, 1 7 0 solvent(s)
yellow light emission in flames of, 141 definition of, 1 5 , 68
sodium acetate (NaC2H302), reaction in Freon use as, 1 4 9
water, hydrolysis constant for, 1 - 92 S\'lrensen, S . , as originator of term "pH",
9
sodium carbonate (Na2C03), as base, 83, 1 0 3
85 Southern Hemisphere, stratospheric
sodium chloride (NaCl) ozone depletion in, 1 5 3
as electrolyte, 73 specific heat, at constant pressure, 20
solution of, 69 specific reaction rate coefficient, for
as strong electrolyte, 78 chemical reactions, 44
thermodynamic properties of, 1 7 0 spontaneous transformations
van't Hoff factor for, 76 criteria for, 27-30
sodium hydroxide (NaOH), as base, 85 description of, 23
sodium ion (Na+ ) , 1 7 2 exothermic reactions and , 38
residence time in ocean, 6 1 standard cell potentials
thermodynamic properties of, 1 7 0 convention for, 1 1 9
soil water, pH of, 89 definition of, 1 1 7, 1 2 4
solar radiation free-energy change and, 1 2 4- 128
effects on air temperature , 20-2 1 in oxidation-reduction reactions, 1 1 6-
124
role in stratospheric ozone depletion,
1 5 2, 1 5 3 standard electrode potentials. See stan­
shortest wavelength of, 1 5 5 dard half-cell potentials
solids standard enthalpies (or heats) of forma­
solution of, 73 tion, list of, 169- 1 7 1
o
standard state of, 30 standard free energy f formation, 30,
-
solubility 1 6 9 1 7 1 . See also molar standard
factors affecting, 70-7 1 Gibbs free energy of formation
of solute in solvent, 68 standard half-cell potentials, 1 2 1
solubility (or ion) product constants. See definition of, 1 1 8
also under individual salts list of, 1 2 2- 1 2 3
definition of, 75 standard state
for salts, 1 6 6- 1 6 7 of a gas , 30
of slightly soluble substances, 8 of a liquid, 30
solubility product. See solubility (or ion) of a solid , 30
product constants of a solution, 30
solute, definition of, 1 5 , 68 temperature of, 42
solution(s) standard temperature and pressure (STP),
acidic, 83 for a gas, 2, 1 5
aqueous, 1 5 , 73-74 Stark-Einstein law , 1 4 2
basic, 83 STP. See standard temperature and pres­
colligative properties of, 7 1 - 72 sure (STP)
concentrated, 68 stratosphere
concentration of, 69-70 ozone formation in, 3, 1 3 7
crystallization (precipitation) from , 68 region covered by, 146
definition of, 15, 68 streams , pH of, 89
dilute, 68 strontium carbonate (SrC03), solubility
ideal, 4, 15- 16, 30, 33, 72 (or ion) product constant for, 1 6 7
neutral, 83, 89 strontium sulfate (SrS04) , solubility (or
saturated, 68 ion) product constant for, 1 6 7
solid, 68 subsaturation, definition of, 76
standard state of, 30 successive acid-dissociation constants,
supersaturated, 68 90-91