Page 217 - Basic physical chemistry for the atmospheric sciences

Index

redox reactions . See oxidation-reduction second law of thermodynamics, 1 7 , 22-26
reactions entropy and, 22-26
reducing agent. See reductant(s) of universe , 38
reductant(s) two parts of, 24-25
definition of, 105 validity of, 25 , 26
second-order reaction. See also bimolecu-
standard half-cell potentials for, 1 22 -
123 lar reactions
strengths of, 1 1 6 1 2 4 half-life and, 66
-
reduction, definition of, 1 0 4 mechanisms of, 46, 47-48, 49
reduction half-cell, in electrochemical rate coefficient for, 45 , 62 , 1 5 8
cell, 1 1 6 sediments, oxidation-reduction reactions
reduction half-reaction, example of, 104 in, 1 0 4
refrigerants, Freon use as , 1 4 9 significant figures, 1 6
o
relative humidity silicates , pH f water in contact with,
above water-droplet surface, 37-38, 39 1 2 8
definition of, 37 silicon dioxide (a-quartz; Si02), thermo­
reservoir analogy, of chemical residence dynamic properties of, 1 7 0
time, 59-60 silicon (Si)
"reservoir" species, effect on catalysts in atomic weight of, 1 6 0
stratosphere, 149 thermodynamic properties of, 1 7 0
residence time silver (Ag)
of a chemical, 59 in electrochemical cell, gold deposition
perfect mixing role, 59-60 from, 1 3 1 - 1 3 2
of gases and their spatial variability, 62 thermodynamic properties of, 170
respiration, as reverse of photosynthesis, use in electrodes, 1 1 5 , 1 1 6
1 1 3 silver ammonium ion [(AgNH3)2 J. as com­
reverse reaction plex ion, 97
definition of, 3 silver bromide (AgBr), solubility (or ion)
equilibrium constant for, 1 3 product constant for, 1 6 7
reversible transformation silver carbonate (Ag2C03), solubility (or
definition of, 23 ion) product constant for, 1 6 7
free energy change in, 3 1 silver chloride (AgCl)
rotational energy, contribution to activa­ in Lewis acid-base interaction, 96-97
tion energy, 67 solubility (or ion) product constant for,
rotational energy state, of a molecule, 1 6 7
transition of, 141 thermodynamic properties of, 170
silver chromate (Ag2Cr04)
molar solubility of, 76, 77
s solubility (or ion) product constant for,
salt. See also sodium chloride 167
solution of, 68 silver-copper reaction, oxidation-reduc­
salt bridge, in electrochemical cell, 1 1 5 , tion in, 1 0 4- 1 0 5 , 1 1 5 , 1 1 7- 1 1 8
1 3 6 silver iodide (Agl)
salts, 83 solubility of, 82
formation by acid-base reactions, 84 solubility (or ion) product constant for,
solubility (or ion) product constants 1 6 7
for, 1 6 6- 1 6 7 silver ion (A + ) , 1 7 2
g
satellites, use in atmospheric ozone stud­ thermodynamic properties of, 1 7 0
ies, 1 5 0 silver sulfate (Ag2S04), solubility (or ion)
saturated solutions, definition of, 68 product constant for, 1 6 7
saturation vapor pressure, definition of. silver sulfide (Ag2S), solubility (or ion)
34 product constant for, 1 6 7
seawater single-step reactions, mechanisms of, 46
as buffered solution, I O I sinks, for removal of trace chemicals, 59
chemical reactions n , 59 SI units, 1 5
i
i
oxidation half-cell reduction in, 185 ideal gas equation given n , 5 , 6
pH of, 89, IOI list of, 1 5 7