Page 215 - Basic physical chemistry for the atmospheric sciences

Index 20 1

normality use in, 1 3 0 1 3 2 periclase (MgO), thermodynamic proper­
-
processes based on, 104 ties of, 1 7 0
)
spontaneous process of, 1 2 4 permanganate ion (Mn0"4 , 1 7 2
statement of, 1 2 1 , 1 2 3 peroxides, oxidation number of oxygen
oxidation states. See oxidation numbers in, 106
oxidizing agent. See oxidant(s) peta (prefix), definition and symbol for,
oxygen (0, 02) 1 5 7
atmospheric pH, 89-90
mole fraction in, 69-70 buffer effects on, 93 , 95, %
as oxidant, 1 2 8- 129, 1 3 3 of cloud water, IOI
6
residence time of, 1 derivation of, 89, I03
atomic, nitrogen dioxide destruction of, Eh compared to, 1 2 8
148 of human blood, IOI
atomic weight of, 2, 1 60 of hydrocyanic acid solution, I02
i
dissolution n water, heat release by, 80 natural limits to, 1 3 0
ground and excited state notation for, of natural systems, 1 2 8
1 4 1 of natural waters, 89
ionization energy of, 1 5 5 of rainwater, 89, 98- IOl
oxidation number of, 106 of seawater, 89, IOI
as photosynthesis product, 1 - 2, 1 1 3 phases, notation for, 15
thermodynamic properties of, 27, 1 7 0 pH meter, electrochemical basis for, 135
ozone (03) phosphate ion (POl- ), 172
as air pollutant, 146 phosphorescence, definition of, 1 4 1
conversion to oxygen, mechanism, 63 phosphoric acid (H3P04), 84
depth of, 1 5 6 equilibrium (or dissociation) constant
DNA damage and , 1 5 6 for, 1 6 2
in mesosphere, 3 as polyprotic acid, 90
in stratosphere, 1 3 7 successive acid-dissociation constants
atomic chlorine role in destruction, for, 1 64
1 5 0 phosphorous acid (H P03), successive
3
Chapman reactions for, 146 acid-dissociation constants for, 1 6 5
depletion, 145- 1 5 4 photochemical smog, nitrogen oxide role
formation , 3 in, 58
generation , 147 photochemistry, 3 7- 1 5 6
1
-
ozone hole formation, 1 5 0 1 5 3 absorption step in, 1 3 8
photochemistry, 1 3 7, 145- 1 5 4 "inefficiency" factor in, 1 4 2
steady-state concentrations, 146 quantum yields in, 142- 1 4 3
UV-8 light absorption by, 146 terminology and principles of, 1 3 9- 1 4 3
volcanic eruption effects, 1 5 5 photodissociation
thermodynamic properties of, 1 7 0 of chlorine in stratosphere, 1 5 1
total ozone column, definition of, 1 5 6 of chlorofluorocarbons by, U V radia­
in troposphere tion-induced, 149
chemical mechanism for, 1 4 5 photoionization
downward transport from strato­ definition of, 1 4 1
sphere, 145 of excited molecules, 140
s
level , 145, 1 5 5 photolysis, definition of, 1 3 7
ozone hole, 1 3 7, 1 5 6 photolytic rate coefficient, 1 4 2- 1 4 4
over Antarctic, 1 5 0- 1 5 2 derivation and representation of, 143
explanation, 1 5 2 photon(s)
formation , 1 5 0 1 5 1 of electromagnetic waves, 1 3 8
-
over Arctic, possible formation of, 1 5 3 energy of, 138 1 3 9
-
photostationary state, definition of, 144-
1 4 5
p
partial pressure, of a gas, 5 , 7, 1 7 3 , 1 7 4 photosynthesis, 133
pascal, definition and symbol for, 1 5 , 1 5 7 balanced equation for, I
perchlorate ion (CIO:,). 1 7 2 energy stored in, 1 5 5
perchloric acid (HCl04), 85 equation for, 1 1 3- 1 1 4