Page 204 - Basic physical chemistry for the atmospheric sciences

1 9 0 Index

alkali metals, 1 0 3 argon (Ar)
oxidation numbers of, I 0 7 atomic weight of, 159
alkaline. definition of, 103 mole fraction in air, 69-70
alkaline earth metals, oxidation numbers Arrhenius, S . theory of acids and bases
.

of, I07 of, 85
alkalinity, of natural waters, 84 Arrhenius relation , for temperature effect
alkalis, as strong bases, 1 0 3 on reaction rates, 56-57, 1 5 6
alloys, as solid solutions, 68 atmosphere
aluminum (Al) chemical residence times in. 1
6
atomic weight of, 1 59 a s standard pressure unit , 15, 1 5 8
residence time in ocean, 6 1 atom, structure of, 1 3 6
aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] , solubility atomic weight(s)
(or ion) product constant fo r, 1 6 6 derivation of, 2
3
-
aluminum ion (Al ' } , 1 7 2 of elements , 1 5 9 1 6 1
equilibrium (or dissociation) constant alto (prefix), definition and symbol for,
for, 1 6 2 1 5 7
ammonia (NH3) automobile battery, redox reaction in. 135
from ammonium mercaptan dissocia- automobile engine exhausts
tion, 1 5 catalysts for converters of, 58
atmospheric composition of, 6 chemical reactions for gases of, 14, 15
as base, 85 Avogadro 's number, 53, 136, 158
base dissociation constant of, 92 derivation of, 2
chemical equation for commercial pro- gram-atomic weight and, 1 1
duction of, 8 of photons, 1 3 9
cloud water pH decrease by, I O I
rainwater exposure to, 100 B
thermodynamic properties of, 170 bar, 1 5 8
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) barium carbonate (BaCO,), solubilit y (or
decomposition reaction of, 12, 1 3 ion) product constant for, 1 6 6
hydrolysis of. 92-93 barium hydroxide (BaOH2)
ammonium hydroxide (NH40H), thermo­ solubility in water of, 75
dynamic properties of, 1 7 0 solubility (or ion) product constant of,
ammonium ion (NH�), 1 7 2 75 , 1 6 6
equilibrium (or dissociation) constant barium ion (Ba2 + ) , 1 7 2
for, 1 6 3 barium sulfate (BaS04), solubility (or ion)
thermodynamic properties of, 1 7 0 product constant for, 1 6 6
ammonium mercaptan (NH4HS), dissocia­ bases, 83-1 0 3
tion reaction of, 1 5 Arrhenius theory of, 85 , 86
ammonium nitrate (NH4N03) Br�nsted-Lowry theory of, 86-87
heat of reaction in water, 8 1 characteristics of, 83
i
use n instant ice packs , 8 1 conjugate, 86-87, 94, IOI
anions definitions and concepts of, 83-85
definition of, 1 1 6 dissociation constants of, 88
hydrolysis of, 92 definition, 1 6 3
anode as electron acceptors, 87
definition of, 1 1 6 examples of, 85
ionic dissoc iation in, 85
in electrochemical cell, 1 1 5
Antarctica Lewis theory of, 87
ozone depletion over, 150 1 5 2, 1 5 3 neutralization of, 84
-
ozone hole formation over, 1 5 0- 1 5 2 pH of solutions of, 89
anthropogenic chemicals, stratospheric properties of, 85
ozone depletion by, 145- 1 4 6, 149, as proton acceptors, 87
1 5 0 strengths of, 87-88
antifreeze, 80 basic solution , definition of, 83
aqueous solution, definition of. 1 5 batteries
archeological artifacts, radiocarbon dating redox reaction in, 1 3 5
of, 66 "running-down" process of, 1 2 8