Page 171 - Battery Reference Book

Lithium-vanadium pentoxide primary batteries 9/11
3.5

3.0

2.5
-
- \
> 2.0
0 Eveready \
m I
- - ZnAg,O
2 1.5
Eveready ZnAgO
1.0

0.5

I I I I I I I -I
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320
Capacity (rnA h)

System Diameter Height Rate Nominal Capacity
(mm) (mm) voltage
(VI mAh mWh
ZnAgO 12 4 65K 1.5 170 255
ZnHgO 12 4 65K 1.35 150 203
Zdg20 12 4 65K 1.5 120 180
LiV205 28 3 5K 3.3 100 330
LiV205 28 5 5K 3.3 300 990
LiCF, 22 2.5 5K 2.65 140 370

Figure 9.8 Button cell comparison: Honeywell lithium versus other systems (Courtesy of Honeywell)

dissolved in methyl formate). It has a unique two- 35
plateau discharge profile (see Figure 9.8) of approx- -
imately 3.4V for the first 50% of life and 2.4V for >
the last 50%. When both plateaux are used it offers an - 3.0
%
energy density (660 W h/dm3, 264 W hkg) intermedi- c -
ate between that of the lithium-sulphur dioxide and g 2.5
the lithium-thionyl chloride systems. It is a relatively V Average voltage: baseline = 3.26 V
low-pressure system and low-rate cells using it need storage = 3.21 V
not be vented. IC is ideal for those applications in which 2.0
safety is of the utmost importance. This battery has 0 50 1 00
excellent storage characteristics (Figure 9.9). Percentage of rated capacity
The voltage discharge profile of the lithium-vana- Figure 9.9 Honeywell lithium-vanadium pentoxide cell discharge
diurn pentoxide battery is compared with that of performance after 1 and 2 years' active storage at 24°C current
lithium-thionyl chloride and 1il.hium-sulphur dioxide density 0 4 mNcm2 (Courtesy of Honeywell)
systems in Figure 9.5. Lithium-vanadium pentoxide
systems operate satisfactorily at temperatures as low as
-55°C with efficiencies approaching 50% (Table 9.3). glass ampoule reserve cells with capacities up to
Lithium-vanadium pentoxide cells lose about 3% 500 mA h, cylindrical, button, prismatic and flexible
capacity per annum when stored at 24°C. Cell per- cell configurations, and a range of active cells.
formance decreases at elevated storage temperatures. Honeywell have recently developed a high-integrity
Thus, the cell becomes completely discharged after crimp-sealed lithium-vanadium pentoxide button cell.
40-70 days' storage at 71°C. This has an open-circuit voltage of 3.42V and a
Honeywell can supply small lithium-vanadium voltage under load of more than 3V. The G3093
pentoxide cells with capacities up to 100mAh, model has a rated capacity of 300 mA h and the (33094