Page 11 - Between One and Many The Art and Science of Public Speaking

x Contents

3 Putting Theory Into Practice 165

Chapter 7 Researching Your Message 167

Why Do Research? 168
Developing a Research Plan 168
The Goal: Reliable and Credible Evidence 169
The Internet 172
The Library 182
Interviews 187
Using Your Research 189
Preparing References or Works Cited 189
Recording Information and Avoiding Plagiarism 190
Summary 191
Check Your Understanding: Exercises and Activities 192
Notes 193
Speaking of . . . When Google Misfi res 178
Speaking of . . . Orally Citing Sources by Christine Hanlon 191

Chapter 8 Supporting Your Message 197

Toulmin’s Model of Reasoning 198
Claims 199
Grounds 200
Examples 200
Facts 201
Numerical Data 202
Opinion 204
Explanations 205
Descriptions 206
Narratives 206
Warrants 208
Authority Warrants 208
Generalization Warrants 209
Comparison (Analogy) Warrants 211
Causal Warrants 212
Sign Warrants 213
Summary 214
Check Your Understanding: Exercises and Activities 215
Notes 215
Speaking of . . . Numerical Data 205