Page 159 - Bio Engineering Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

CHAPTER

Application of magnetic

and electric fields 7

for cancer therapy

Chapter outline
7.1 Magnetic nanoparticles properties ..................................................................... 157
7.2 Bioengineering application of electromagnetic fields .......................................... 160
7.3 Governing equations .......................................................................................... 161
7.4 Electromagnetic fields application in drug delivery ............................................. 162
7.4.1 Magnetic nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery .............................163
7.4.2 Magnetic field for controlled drug delivery ........................................163
7.4.3 Magnetic force applied to nanocarriers .............................................164
7.5 Hyperthermia .................................................................................................... 166
7.5.1 The application of MNPs in hyperthermia therapy .............................167
7.5.2 Sources of heat production in MNP .................................................167
7.6 Application of external magnet on cancerous solid tumors .................................. 171
References .............................................................................................................. 177

7.1 Magnetic nanoparticles properties

Nano drug carriers are the newest tools in drug delivery. Nanocarriers size is 1–100 nm
and can deliver drugs to sites that are otherwise inaccessible in the human body. They
are classified based on material, shape, and different medical applications [1]. In
recent years the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is used as drug carrier for human
therapy. MNPs, such as iron and oxides nanoparticles, are nano-sized particles made
of materials with magnetic properties. The very small diameter and magnetic proper-
ties make the MNPs suitable for medical applications such as targeted delivery. The
ability of MNPs to accept different surface coatings is among the other distinct fea-
ture of MNPs biomedical properties. An example of this feature is the stability of the
therapeutic carriers in human body. Another feature of MNPs is the ability to interact
with cells or biological proteins to avoid toxicity and to increase the biocompatibility.
MNPs appreciable properties with the magnetic field make them intelligent particles
that can be guided remotely by changing magnet gradient and intensity [1]. The com-
position, size, and pathway of MNP synthesis vary according to their application. In
addition, different types of MNPs are designed for use in specific applications.
Magnetization is a base of classification for magnetic materials. Accordingly, the
materials classify into three groups: ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic.

Bio-Engineering Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817809-6.00007-8 157
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