Page 226 - Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future

202 Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future

Hibiscus-Vernicia biodiesel (Ha Noi) Pongamia biodiesel (Quang Ninh)
B5 B10 B20 B100
Basecase Triple I Basecase
50 Global hectare (thousands) 0
Case 12 Case 1
0 Case 12 –50 Case 1
–50 –100
Case 11 –100 Case 2
–150
–150
Case 11 –200 Case 2
–200
Case 10 Case 3
Case 9 Case 4 Case 10 Case 7
Case 6 Case 5 Case 8
Fig. 6.8 Sensitive analysis of factors affecting the sustainability of biodiesel systems.

– Cases 5 and 6: Vernicia seed yield decreased and increased by 20%,
respectively.
1
– Cases 7 and 8: Pongamia seed yield decrease to 8kg tree and plantation
density increase to 3000 trees ha 1 respectively.
– Case 9: Pongamia biodiesel plant was placed near to cultivation area
(upland provinces).
– Case 10: 30% decrease in price of all coproducts.
– Case 11: Only vegetable oils were directly extracted from seeds without
other coproducts (sugar and medicinal compounds).
– Case 12: Ratio between EF and GDF of Viet Nam was changed to the
average value of 10 years from 2005 to 2014, which resulted in a 151%
increase in the conversion factor α
In the first 11 cases, responses of Triple I parameters were varied. Generally,
the B100 system was the most sensitive to different influences. Fig. 6.7
showed that the decrease and increase of fuel price (cases 1 and 2) did not
affect much on the revenue of biodiesel systems in Ha Noi since it highly
depended on other coproducts. The change in fuel price significantly alters
the revenue of biodiesel systems in Quang Ninh.
The most affected and controversial factor to the entire system in Ha Noi
biodiesel was the yield of Hibiscus (case 3 and case 4). With the decrease and
increase of Hibiscus yield, significant fluctuation of all parameters was
observed. The reduction of Hibiscus seed yield resulted in more impacts
on human health and ecosystem quality. Meanwhile, it lowered ecological
footprint and increased net revenue. That was because Hibiscus biodiesel
shares the higher part in the Hibiscus-Vernicia biodiesel mixture when yield