Page 228 - Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future

204 Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future

oil only biodiesel system substantially improves the sustainable potential of
Ha Noi biodiesel system. Indeed it made the sustainability of Ha Noi bio-
diesel system became higher than Quang Ninh system in the base case due to
the considerable decrease in human health impact and remarkable increase in
revenue.
As discussed in Section 3.1, the ratio (α) between ecological footprint
and GDP represents how effectively natural resources were employed for
economic development in a country. A lower value means the more proper
use of those resources and vice versa. Fig. 6.8 (case 12) demonstrates how the
rise of this ratio influenced the sustainability of biodiesel system.
A remarkable increase in Triple I value of Ha Noi system and decrease in
Triple value of Quang Ninh system were discovered. This finding revealed
that although the two systems were sustainable, Ha Noi biodiesel system
associated with the higher economic development and Quang Ninh biodie-
sel system came with the better quality of the environment.

5.7 Social issues
The critical social impacts of the biodiesel systems were that the develop-
ment and application of the nonedible vegetable oil-derived biodiesel system
could engender various merits to the society in Northern Viet Nam. This
contribution can be placed on, for instance, local community and workers
as job creation and favorable working conditions, and the society as eco-
nomic enhancement, technology development, and conflict prevention.
Table 6.10 introduces some main contributions of different biodiesel blend
systems to the local development in the North of Viet Nam.
According to the General Statistical Office of Viet Nam (2018),asof
2016, the number of unemployed in Quang Ninh, Ha Noi, and other high
mountainous areas were nearly 35,000 persons, 141,915 persons, and
124,810 persons, respectively. When the complete life cycle of biodiesel
is installed in Northern Viet Nam, the engagement of local employees will
be encouraged. Therefore this system can support this area in reducing
unemployment. The number of workers in biodiesel systems increased
for B5, B10, B20, and B100 systems (Table 6.10), leading to the total of
0.92%, 1.85%, 3.70%, and 18.47% reductions in the unemployment rate,
respectively. Consequently, added labor income together with annual rev-
enue from biodiesel can considerably contribute to the economic develop-
ment of those areas, especially mountainous provinces which have the
highest poverty rate in Viet Nam (GSO VN, 2018). A preliminary