Page 442 - Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future

394 Index

E EU sustainable development strategy, 49
Ecological footprint (EF), 177–178, 199, Expected net profit, 287–294
202–203
Economic indicators, 103–104, 287–294 F
Economic sustainability, 65–66 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), 32–33
Electricity generation, 97–98, 97t,97f, 263, Feedstocks, sustainable, 62–63
264t Financial LCC (fLCC), 228, 233
Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, 82, 277
(ELECTRE), 338–339 and gasification cost
Energy Independence and Security Act, 8, capital cost of plants, 107–108, 109f
33 equipment costs, 105–106, 106t
Energy Policy Act, 33 initial investment (capital cost), 108
Energy sector, 115–116, 118–119, 133t NPV, 107, 107t
Environmental impacts production costs, 106, 108, 109f
assessment, 57, 59–61 product tariffs,105–106, 107t, 108, 108f
cogeneration process, 223–224 sensitivity analysis, 108–109, 108–109f
dominance analysis, 223 NPV, 82, 94–96, 94f,95–96t, 104–105,
functional unit, 218, 218t, 222, 222t 105t
total impacts, 222, 223f syngas, 82, 94–96, 94f,95–96t
Environmental LCC (eLCC) Fish oil biodiesel, 242f
carbon tax, 228–229 combinations of factor values, 240,
electricity and wood use, 233 245–246t
equivalent monetary matrix, 232–233 cost breakdown, 240, 241f
price vector/market value per unit, estimated coefficients and P-values, 242,
230–231, 231t 250t
process flow diagram, 230–231, 230f system boundary, 237, 239f
scaled technology matrix, 232 Fleet management, 286
technology matrix, 231t Fuel transportation, wood pellets, 139–140,
value added vector, 230 140t
zero degrees of freedom, 229 Fuzzy AHP method, 319–320, 339–340
Environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA), Fuzzy ELECTRE, 319–320
260–261, 264t, 266 Fuzzy mathematical programming (FMP),
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 298
33 Fuzzy MCDM, 318–319, 338–339
Environmental sustainability, 50 Fuzzy multiattribute decision making
absolute sustainability, 61 (FMADM) approaches, 318–319
circular bioeconomy, 62–63 Fuzzy multiobjective decision making
economic, social, and economic (DMODM) accesses, 318–319
pillars, 56 Fuzzy multiple criteria decision making
environmental impacts, 59–61 (FMCDM) method
LCA, 56–59, 58f application fields, 318–319
nexus approach and assessment, 61–62 biofuel production pathway, sustainability
Ethanol, 1, 3–5, 4f. See also Biofuels ranking of, 326–330, 326–329t,
Europe biofuels framework 330–331f
law and motivation, source of, 29–30 classification, 318–319
standards, 31–33 framework of, 319–320, 321f
support schemes, 30–31 linguistic assessment, 324, 324t