Page 444 - Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future

396 Index

L carbon tax, 228–229
LCA. See Life cycle assessment (LCA) electricity and wood use, 233
LCSA. See Life cycle sustainability equivalent monetary matrix, 232–233
assessment (LCSA) price vector/market value per unit,
Life cycle aggregated sustainability index, 230–231, 231t
378–379, 388 process flow diagram, 230–231, 230f
bioethanol production pathways, scaled technology matrix, 232
projections of, 385, 387f technology matrix, 231t
bioethanol systems, life cycle boundary of, value added vector, 230
379, 381f zero degrees of freedom, 229
gaps, 379 fLCC, 228
interval preference relation-based goal Latin hypercube DOE (see Design of
programming model, 383–385 experiments (DOEs))
multicriteria decision making, 379, 380f sLCC, 233
performance matrix, 379, 382t uncertainty, 235–236
benefit-type criteria, 380–381 Life cycle environmental impacts (LCIA),
cost-type criteria, 380–383 294
global weights of criteria, 385, 386t Lifecycle GHG emissions, 35
interval numbers, 379, 383t Life cycle inventory (LCI)
local weights of criteria, 385, 386t allocation methods, 183–184
normalized, 383, 383t application of, 193
weighted normalized, 385, 387t base case assumption, 184–186, 185t
Life cycle assessment (LCA), 338 base case emissions, 180, 181t
biorefineries, sustainability, 84, 85–86f biocapacity, 196–197
BSC design, 294–295 biodiesel production, 175f, 187–190t,
definition, 123 191, 192f
environmental sustainability, 56–59, 58f blending, distribution, and combustion,
global warming/climate change, 126–129 175f, 187–190t, 192
phases, 123–124 carbon dioxide emissions, 195t, 196
Goal and Scope Definition phase, 124 data collection and quality, 221–222, 221t
Impact Assessment, 126, 127t discount rate calculation, 184
Inventory Analysis phase, 126 economic evaluation, 197–199, 198f
tri-generation plant, Tunisia ecosystem quality, 194
agricultural and livestock activities, evaporation weathering, 183, 183t
215, 217 feedstock propagation, 175f, 186,
eco-innovative, 213 187–190t
energy impact, 218, 218t fuel leakage, 181–182, 182t
environmental impacts, 218, 218t, gaseous toxics, 179t, 180
222–224, 222t, 223f human health impacts, 194, 195t, 196f
functional unit, 217–218 market of petroleum diesel, 186
ISO 14040 series, 217 NPV, 184
LCI, 219–222, 220f, 221t oil extraction, 175f, 187–190t, 191, 192f
low-carbon economy, 213 oil seeds and climate conditions, 178–179
non-OECD countries, 214 regression models, 179, 179t
social and economic benefits, 213 sensitivity analysis, 193, 200–204,
system boundaries, 218 201–202f
Life-cycle cost (LCC), 56–57, 129–131 social impacts, 204–206, 205t
eLCC transportation, 175f, 187–190t, 192