Page 441 - Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future

Index 393

parameter uncertainty, 302–303 Case BGT (BIG-GTCC), 88
sustainability, 303–304 Case E2G (lignocellulose ethanol), 87
Biofuel transitions, 21–22 Cases FT (Fischer-Tropsch), 88
bio-based economy, 38–42 Case zero (ZRO), 87
economic, social, and environmental Cassava-based bioethanol production
issues, 25–29 pathway, 388. See also Biofuel
regulation and standards, 29–38 production pathways
Biogas, 75. See also Life cycle assessment CCS. See Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
(LCA), tri-generation plant Cellulosic ethanol, 7–8, 78–80,
Biogas-fired power plant, 119, 120f 91f, 101
Biohydrogen, 76 Conventional (first generation) biofuels,
Biomass conversion process, 78, 79f 2–3, 5–6
biochemical routes, 78–81, 80t Corn-based bioethanol production systems,
BSC, 00050f0010, 276–278 388. See also Biofuel production
thermochemical routes pathways
(see Thermochemical conversion Cultivation and processing
processes) miscanthus, 139
Biomass conversion routes, 77–78, 79f wood pellets, 138–139
Biomass Integrated Gasifier-Gas Turbine
Combined Cycle (BIG-GTCC
cycle), 87–88, 93, 97–98, 97t,97f
Biomass resources, 141–144, 145f, 317 D
Biomass-to-liquid process, 14 Deforestation, 27, 60, 171–172, 214
Biomass waste. See Life cycle assessment Design of experiments (DOEs)
(LCA), tri-generation plant fish oil, 242f
Biomethanol, 75 combinations of factor values, 240,
Bio-MTBE (methyl tertiary-butyl ether), 75 245–246t
Biorefineries, 74–75, 265 cost breakdown, 240, 241f
biofuel production, 76–78 estimated coefficients and P-values,
classification, 83 242, 250t
indicators, 77 system boundary, 237, 239f
vs. petro-refinery, 76, 76f fLCC, 236–237
sugarcane case study, 87–89, 89f,90t jatropha oil, 242f
sustainability combinations of factor values, 240,
energy balance vs. GHG emissions, 86, 243–244t
87f cost breakdown, 240, 241f
indicators, 83 estimated coefficients and P-values,
life cycle assessment, 84, 85–86f 240–242, 249t
radar diagram, 84, 86f system boundary, 237, 238f
Brundtland’s report, 48 second-order regression equations,
Butanol, 14, 78–80 249–250
waste cooking oil, 242f
combinations of factor values, 240,
C 247–248t
Capital expenditure, 155 cost breakdown, 240, 241f
Carbon capture and storage (CCS), 152, estimated coefficients and P-values,
154, 156 242, 251t
Case base (BSE), 87, 93 system boundary, 237, 239f
Case B2G (biobutanol), 87 Dimethyl bioether, 75