Page 265 - Biomedical Engineering and Design Handbook Volume 2, Applications
P. 265

DESIGN OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE SYSTEMS  243

                          TABLE 8.2  NEMA Standards*
                          Standard (as listed in NEMA catalog)           Title
                          MS 1-2001                   Determination of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in Diagnostic
                                                       Magnetic Resonance Images
                          MS 2-1989 (R-1996)          Determination of Two-Dimensional Geometric Distortion in
                                                       Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance Images
                          MS 3-1989 (R-1994)          Determination of Image Uniformity in Diagnostic Magnetic
                                                       Resonance Images
                          MS 4-1989 (Revision 1998)   Acoustic Noise Measurement Procedure for Diagnostic Magnetic
                                                       Resonance Images
                          MS 5-1991 (R-1996)          Determination of Slice Thickness in Diagnostic Magnetic
                                                       Resonance Imaging
                          MS 6-1991 (Revision 2000)   Characterization of Special Purpose Coils for Diagnostic Magnetic
                                                       Resonance Images
                          MS 7-1993 (Revision 1998)   Measurement Procedure for Time-Varying Gradient Fields (dB/dt)
                                                       for Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices
                          MS 8-1993 (R-2000)          Characterization of the Specific Absorption Rate for Magnetic
                                                       Resonance Imaging Systems
                          MS 9-2001*                  Characterization of Phased Array Coils for Diagnostic Magnetic
                                                       Resonance Imaging Systems
                          MS 10-2001*                 Determination of Local Specific Absorption Rate for Magnetic
                                                       Resonance Imaging Systems
                          MS 11-2001*                 Alternate Measurement Procedure for Time-Varying Gradient
                                                       Fields (dB/dt) by Measuring Electric Field Gradients for Magnetic
                                                       Resonance Imaging Systems
                            *Not finished at publication time.
              REFERENCES


                           1. Halliday, D. and R. Resnick, 1966, Physics, New York: John Wiley, p. 826.
                           2. Moore, W. J., 1972, Physical Chemistry, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, pp. 140–143.
                           3. Mansfield, P. and P. G. Morris, 1982, “NMR imaging in biomedicine,” In: Advances in Magnetic Resonance,
                              Suppl. 2, J. S. Waugh, ed., New York: Academic Press, p. 32.
                           4. Keller, P. J., 1990, Basic Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, General Electric Company, Milwaukee,
                              pp. 16–37.
                           5. Bottomley, P. A., T. H. Foster, R. E. Argersinger, and L. M. Pfiefer, 1984, “A review of normal tissue hydro-
                              gen NMR relaxation times and relaxation mechanisms from 1-100 MHz: Dependence on tissue type,
                              NMR frequency, temperature, species, excision, and age,” Med. Phys., 11:425.
                           6. Glover, G. H., 1993, “Gradient Echo Imaging,” In: The American Association of Physicists in Medicine
                              (AAPM) Monograph No. 21: The Physics of MRI, P. Sprawls and M. Bronskill, eds., American Institute of
                              Physics, New York, pp. 188–205.
                           7. McVeigh, E. and E. Atalar, 1993, “Balancing contrast, Resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio in magnetic resonance
                              imaging,” In: The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Monograph No. 21: The Physics of
                              MRI, P. Sprawls and M. Bronskill, eds., American Institute of Physics, New York, pp. 234–267.
                           8. Thomas, S. R., 1993, “Magnets and gradient coils: types and characteristics,” In: The American Association
                              of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Monograph No. 21: The Physics of MRI, P. Sprawls and M. Bronskill,
                              eds., American Institute of Physics, New York, pp. 56–97.
                           9. Golay, M. J., 1968, “Field homogenizing coils for nuclear spin resonance instrumentation,” Rev. Sci. Inst.,
                              29:313–315.
                          10. Schenck, J. F., 2000, “Safety of strong, static magnetic fields (invited),” J. Magn. Reson. Imaging, 12:2–19.
                          11. Mansfield, P. and P. G. Morris, 1982, “NMR imaging in biomedicine,” In:  Advances in Magnetic
                              Resonance, Suppl. 2, J. S. Waugh, ed., New York: Academic Press, p. 271.
   260   261   262   263   264   265   266   267   268   269   270