Page 526 - Cultures and Organizations

Notes 491

46. Tannen, 1992.
47. Flash Eurobarometer 241, 2008. Information society as seen by EU citizens. Per-
centages of those who access the Internet for personal use several times a day (in
past three months): across twenty-six countries, low MAS explains 20 percent of
the differences, and high IDV explains an additional 17 percent. Across the nineteen

wealthier countries, only low MAS is significant, explaining 36 percent of the country
differences. (Calculations courtesy of Marieke de Mooij.)
48. Fleishman, Harris, & Burtt, 1955; Blake & Mouton, 1964.
49. Philippe d’Iribarne considers the need for consensus the key characteristic
of management in the Dutch manufacturing plant he studied. See d’Iribarne, 1989,
pp. 234ff.
50. D’Iribarne (1989, p. 144) describes these contracts as a unique feature of the U.S.
industrial relations scene.
51. About this sense of moderation in France, see d’Iribarne, 1989, pp. 31 and
60–61.
52. Culture’s Consequences, 2001, pp. 290 and 317.
53. Quoted by William F. Whyte in Webber (ed.), 1969, p. 31.
54. Culture’s Consequences, 2001, p. 317.
55. Statham, 1987.
56. Culture’s Consequences, 2001, pp. 307–8.
57. Herzberg, 1966.
58. Culture’s Consequences, 2001, pp. 315–16.
59. Human Development Report 2006, Table 4.
60. The correlations were r 0.93*** for the percentages of functional illiterates,
0.72** for the percentages of people who are poor, and 0.64** for the percentages of
people earning less than half the median income.
61. Diderot, 1982 [1780], pp. 124–25. Translation by GH.
62. Eurobarometer, 1990; Culture’s Consequences, 2001, pp. 318–19. The correlation
with MAS across eleven countries (excluding Luxembourg) was 0.63*.
63. European Values Study: Stoetzel, 1983, p. 37. The rank correlation coeffi cient
between permissiveness index and MAS was 0.83**.
64. Eurobarometer, 1997. Racism and xenophobia in Europe. The correlation with
MAS was 0.72**.

65. Eurobarometer 69.1, 2008. The values were democracy, equality, human rights,
individual freedom, peace, religion, respect for human life, respect for other cultures,
rule of law, solidarity, self-fulfillment, and tolerance. Of country differences in the

frequency of people choosing “respect for other cultures,” IDV explained 30 percent,
and (low) MAS explained an additional 23 percent. (Calculations courtesy of Marieke
de Mooij.)
66. UNDP website. In 2000 the U.S. contribution was 0.10 percent. Part of the
increase was due to projects in Iraq and Afghanistan.
67. Across twenty donor countries, the correlation between MAS and aid in 2000
in percentage of GNI was 0.75***.