Page 528 - Cultures and Organizations

Notes 493

Chapter 6
1. Personal communication.
2. Lawrence, 1980, p. 133.
3. The term first appeared in Cyert & March, 1963, pp. 118ff.

4. Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language, College Edition,
1964.
5. The rank correlation was 0.73***. Lynn, 1971; Culture’s Consequences, 2001,
pp. 155–56 and 188.
6. Wikipedia, 2008.
7. Costa & McCrae’s NEO-PI-R. Correlation coeffi cients were UAI with “neuroti-
cism” r 0.58**; UAI plus MAS multiple R 0.74***; UAI with “agreeableness”
r 0.55**. Source: Hofstede & McCrae, 2004.
8. Culture’s Consequences, 2001, p. 199.
9. Across the forty-eight countries, UAI and GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance “as
is” correlated with r 0.61***; UAI and GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance “should
be” correlated 0.37*; while GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance “as is” and “should be”
between them correlated 0.70***.
10. In a stepwise regression across the forty-eight countries, GLOBE’s uncertainty
avoidance “as is” explains 36 percent of our UAI, adding humane orientation “as is”
increases this to 48 percent, and subsequently adding assertiveness “should be” lifts
it to 51 percent.
11. GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance “should be” and our PDI were correlated with
r 0.702***, GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance “should be” and our IDV were corre-
lated 0.698***, while GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance “should be” and our UAI were
correlated only 0.37**. Our UAI and GLOBE’s power distance “as is” correlated
0.50***; our UAI and GLOBE’s power distance “should be” correlated 0.31*.
12. In a stepwise regression across the forty-eight countries, 48 percent of GLOBE’s
uncertainty avoidance “as is” was explained by our PDI, adding IDV increased this to
56 percent, and subsequently adding our UAI lifted it to 59 percent.
13. A check was done in which UAI scores per country were computed controlling for
age. It showed that assuming a constant average age, the country differences remained
very similar to those in Table 6.1. See Culture’s Consequences, 2001, pp. 184–85.

14. Personal communication.
15. Douglas, 1966.

16. Kashima & Kashima, 1998. Across fifty-two countries, the correlation between
UAI and having more than one second-person pronoun was r 0.43**.
17. Culture’s Consequences, 2001, pp. 157 and 191. Rank correlation across nineteen
wealthier countries was 0.71***.
18. Standard Eurobarometer 69, 2008. Very satisfi ed with the life you lead. Across
twenty-six countries, GNI per capita explained 44 percent of the differences. Across
nineteen affluent countries, low UAI explained 43 percent, low MAS an additional

24 percent, and high GNI per capita an additional 9 percent. Flash Eurobarometer

247, 2008. Very satisfi ed with family life. Across twenty-five countries, GNI per cap-