Page 114 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

80 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

TABLE 3.4 Failure probability of the phasor measurement unit and its
communication network combined as a single system.
Number of optical λ sys (failures/ μ sys (repairs/ Failure
repeaters (l) year) year) probability U (l)
0 0.0044047 5.538669 7.9466E 2 04
1 0.0087873 10.66897 8.2285E 2 04
2 0.0131652 15.87640 8.2887E 2 04
3 0.0175549 19.94771 8.7926E 2 04
4 0.0219404 23.94447 9.1550E 2 04

Bus 6 Bus 1

Bus 4 Bus 3
Bus 2

Bus 5 Bus with PMU

Bus with PDC
Optical fiber
Optical repeater
FIGURE 3.14 Sample network for risk assessment.

TABLE 3.5 Risk assessment for the sample network.
PMU Severity (s) Failure probability p 5 U(R) Risk (r)
r 5 s 3 p
PMU at bus 3 2 U (3) 5 8.7926E 2 04 0.0017585
PMU at bus 4 2 U (2) 5 8.2285E 2 04 0.0016457

PMU, Phasor measurement unit.