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166  Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems



                                    wji
                                           j
                               i
                                                           Output
                       Inputs


                               i
                                                     Output layer
                                                   i is input neuran
                         Input layer
                                                    j is hidden neuron
                                                   W is weight
                                      Hidden layer
            FIGURE 6.6 Feed-forward neural network algorithm structure.

                                      Hidden layer
                              W  ah        H 1     W  hy
                               mn                   no
               Input layer                                Output layer
                 A1                        H 2                     Y1



                 A2                        H 3                     Y2


                                           H 4


                 Am                                                Yo

                                           Hn


            FIGURE 6.7 Architecture of PNN. PNN, Probabilistic neural network.

               Probabilistic density function is given by

                                        C t
                                     1  X       j A 2 A to j
                               f t ðAÞ 5  exp 2      2                ð6:46Þ
                                     C t          2λ
                                       o51
               Applying Eq. (6.46) to the output vector H, the hidden PNN layer becomes

                                    0                     1
                                                    ah    2
                                         P
                                      2       A m 2W
                                           m        mn
                             H n 5 exp @                 A            ð6:47Þ
                                              2λ 2
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