Page 265 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

228 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

In this chapter the HC is presented as a decision-making tool that pro-
vides a fair and clear approach to decide which integration request should be
accepted or rejected. Various HC PIs, such as overvoltage, thermal overload-
ing, power quality, and protection problems, are explored, and their impacts
on deciding the optimum HC enhancement technique assessment are dis-
cussed. Finally, the benefits of utilizing the HC approach for both DG inves-
tors and DSOs are presented. The application of decision-making techniques
in HC assessment and enhancement is examined on a real electrical Egyptian
distribution system (EDS). The achieved results revealed that the HC should
not be evaluated from a deterministic perspective only, in which no random-
ness is involved. Instead, it should be viewed as a stochastic problem,
whereby real uncertainty levels are considered.
Organization of the remaining chapter is as follows: Section 9.2 presents
the decision-making techniques and its applications in the HC studies.
Section 9.3 presents an overview of the HC assessment under uncertainty of
renewable energy resources. Section 9.4 presents the simulation results and
discussion of results. Finally, the conclusion is given in Section 9.5.

9.2 Decision-making techniques and its applications in
hosting capacity studies
The presence of uncertain input parameters complicates the decision-making
problem. In electricity market the uncertainty in economic, technical, and
operational aspects is considered noticeable burden for the DSOs and plan-
ners as they need to take harsh decisions in a time-effective manner.
Accordingly, to assist network operators and planners, many decision-
making techniques were investigated in the literature to examine the network
performance in the presence of uncertain parameters, such as the intermittent
nature of the DG output power and the location and the daily variations in
loading profiles [8]. One can notice that there are almost no published mate-
rials that overview the decision-making techniques applied to the HC assess-
ment and DGs allocation problems. To redress this gap, this chapter provides
a comprehensive overview of the decision-making techniques applied to the
HC assessment as presented in Table 9.1.

9.3 Hosting capacity assessment under uncertainty of
renewable energy resources
Recently, it was concluded that deterministic HC studies that ignore the
uncertainty of electrical parameters result optimistically that cause a notice-
able underestimation to the HC levels achieved from probabilistic assess-
ments [19]. The probabilistic HC assessment is performed to consider the
uncertainty in many aspects such as the following: