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314 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

TABLE 12.9 Comparison of emissions between gas engines and heavy fuel
oil (HFO) engines in relation to power supplied.
3
Specific emission index g/m , kW HFO Gas
Particulate matter 10.6564 22.32
Sulfur dioxide 19.5523 0
Oxygen 121.975 234.66
Nitrogen dioxide 21.4333 91.85
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 673.16 251.89
Carbon monoxide (CO) 6.41 11.8
Nitrogen monoxide (NO) 79.3877 30.61
Nitrogen oxides (NO x as NO 2 ) 125.374 116.74
Total hydrocarbons (C x H y ) 40 49.36

Specific emission index for each type of pollutant
Hydrocarbons total (C H )
y
x
Hydrogen oxides (NOx as NO ) HFO Gas
2
Nitrogen monoxide (NO)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
)
Carbon dioxide (CO 2
Nitrogen dioxide
Oxygen dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Particulate material
0 200 400 600 800 1000
3
g/m - kW
FIGURE 12.4 Specific emission index for each type of pollutant.

a parameter, which constricts the operation of a TPP. In most cases the
authors estimate the amount of emissions and sometimes convert these
values in cash [35] Developed by emission factors for the case of the use of
coal, but not limited to these emissions [36]. Developed a complex mathe-
matical procedure to determine the allowable CO 2 emissions, but this proce-
dure being very complex includes only CO 2 emissions. According [37] they
made an inventory of NO x and CO through several years of observation and
concluded that they should be restricted.