Page 348 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

310 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

TABLE 12.4 Typical emissions from gas engines.
Typical emissions of a gas engine (UGGN 12) Original U 3% mg/m 3
3
Particulate material (mg/m ) 76.57 76.57
3
Nitrogen dioxide (mg/m ) 315.07 315.07
3
% Oxygen (mg/m ) 12.3 80,490.7975
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )% to mg/m 3 4.8 86,400
3
Carbon monoxide CO (ppm mg/m ) 286 327.525562
3
Nitrogen monoxide (mg/m ) 105 105
3
Hydrocarbons (C x H y ) (ppm mg/m ) 861.64 1688.8144
3
Nitrogen oxides (NO x as NO 2 ) (ppm mg/m ) 213 400.44

I emg 5 18; 000 CO 2 1 0:99407115 MP 1 0:01185771 3 1:25 CO
1 0:99209486 NO 2 1 NOÞ 1 0:99604743 3 17; 960C x H y in mg=m 3
ð
ð12:5Þ
In expression (12.5),CO 2 and C x H y are expressed in % in ppm CO and
3
the other data in mg/m .
Table 12.4 shows the typical emissions of a plant gas engine in Manaus.

12.2.6 Index engine emissions of heavy fuel oil
In this case the developed procedure was the same as for gas engines but tak-
ing into account the emissions of such engines (see Table 12.5).
Table 12.6 shows the conversion values:

I emHFO 5 18; 000 3 CO 2 1 0:9941MP 1 1:25 3 0:0265CO 1 0:992 NO 2 1 NOð Þ
3
1 0:991SO 2 1 0:9961 3 17; 960 C x H y ðg=m Þ
ð12:6Þ
Table 12.7 shows the typical emissions of a motor heavy fuel oil (HFO),
the plant in Manaus.

12.2.7 Contamination caused by plant
The thermal plant studied lies in Manaus and has a generating capacity of
173 MW. It contains 23 Jenbacher gas engines of 3.5 MW and 5 engines of
HFO of 18.5 MW; but for the use of optimization engines, 10 were used.