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428 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

FIGURE 16.8 PDR market participation.

TABLE 16.2 Monthly revenue from demand-
based bid program market.
Year Month Event Revenue ($)
2016 6 5 16
2016 7 6 10
2016 8 2 0
2016 9 1 0

16.4.3 Demand-based bid program participation
The modeling approaches for the PDR market integration were similar to
those for the DBP market; however, there were different requirements for
commitments in the DBP market. For instance, participation in the DBP mar-
ket only occurs when the DBP events are issued by the program facilitator,
PG&E; however, hourly price signals in the PDR market were available on a
daily basis. In PG&E’s DBP program, $0.5/kW is credited to commercial
customers when they reduce their demand during DBP events. It was
assumed, in this analysis, that the threshold to participate was greater than or
equal to 10 kW, and each commitment had to have a duration of at least two
consecutive hours. The simulation results for the DBP market participation
are shown in Table 16.1. Due to the 2-hour commitment constraint the exist-
ing EV resources were not qualified to participate in all of the DBP events
in 2016. Thus the profit-generating capacity for EVs is not as high as that