Page 34 - Distillation theory

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8 Phase Equilibrium and Its Geometric Presentation

1 3 4a 4b

5 6 8a 8b

8c 9 10a 10b

11 12 13 14a

4
1b 15 16

Figure 1.5. Types of three-component mixtures according to Gurikov
(1958). Arrows, direction of residium curves (bonds); dotted lines, sep-
aratrixes.
boundary elements that include the separatrixes, segments of the concentration
triangle sides Reg , and stationary points Reg ∞ referring to this region. A dis-
∞
(2) (1)
tillation region of a three-component mixture Reg ∞ is two-dimensional; separa-
(3)
trixes,andsegmentsoftheconcentrationtrianglesidesReg ∞ areone-dimensional;
(2)
and stationary points Reg ∞ have zero dimensionality. Distillation regions and
(1)
their boundary elements are also called concentration space structural elements.
Besides these structural elements, concentration space has other structural ele-
ments that are of great importance for a distillation process under various modes.
1.5. Residue Curve Bundles of Four-Component Mixtures

The structure of residue curve bundles of four-component mixtures is significantly
more complex and diverse than that of three-component mixtures. This is due to
the fact that each four-component mixture consists of four three-component con-
stituents. Therefore, the number of types of four-component mixtures is enormous.
In addition to that, four-component mixtures can have four-component node
and saddle azeotropes. In contrast to three-component mixtures, the enormous