Page 412 - Earth's Climate Past and Future

388 INDEX

viscous response, 162 expansion when heated, 320 uplift weathering hypothesis and,
volcanic ash, 305–306, 307 response time of, 11 75–80, 76–79, 78t, 106–111
volcanic eruptions sedimentary rocks deposited Webb, Tom, 216
carbon dioxide produced by, 47, by, 45 Wegener, Alfred, 60, 157
47–48, 71 thermal contraction of, sea level and, wind(s)
climate change during 1000-1850 90–91, 91b, 91t dust carrier by, 215
and, 305–306, 306 total, response time versus forcing North African monsoon and,
deglaciation and, 240b and, 13 145–146, 146
ice-rafted volcanic glass from, 254 transfer between ocean and ice savanna hypothesis of human
recent warming and, 327, 328 sheets, 38 evolution and, 278
response time versus forcing and, 13 warm, saline bottom water, 85 sediment erosion and transport by,
Vostok Station, 179 see also aridity; floods; ice entries; 19, 19
irrigation; moisture balances; solar, 263, 264
W precipitation; seawater see also trade winds
Walker, Gilbert, 300b water vapor Wind River Basin (Wyoming), uplift
Walker, James, 52 Earth’s sensitivity to, 337 weathering hypothesis and, 75–77, 76
walking upright, 275, 275 feedback effect of, 86 wollastonite (CaSiO ), 49
3
warm, saline bottom water, 85 as greenhouse gas, 53, 53 Wright, Herb, 216
warming. See climate warming recycling of, deglaciation and, 242,
water 243 Y
anoxic, in Mediterranean Sea, 143 water vapor feedback, 53, 53 Yellow Sea, 239
carbon dioxide solubility in seawater wavelength, 122b Younger Dryas event, 235–237,
and, 182 weather, defined, 4 235–237, 259, 281
as climate system component, 8, weathering Yucatán Peninsula
9, 10 chemical. See chemical weathering asteroid impact on, 92, 93
climate warming and, 355 physical, 109–111, 110, 111 drought in, 281, 282