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12.5  Stakeholder Analysis                                      197

            12.5  Stakeholder Analysis
            12.5.1 Introduction of Stakeholder Analysis


            A stakeholder is a person such as an employee, customer, or citizen who is involved
            with an organization, society, etc. and therefore has responsibilities towards it and
            an interest in its success. Kaler (2002)defines stakeholders as those towards whom
            businesses owe moral duties and obligations beyond those generally owed to the
            general public. For example, sponsors, clients, users, partners, authority depart-
            ments, other interested persons, organizations, hardware/software influence, etc.
              Analysis of the stakeholders’ influence on design will be conducted on the
            following aspects:

            • Clarify the design direction and design boundary.
            • Extract the function needs or design inspiration.
            • Specify the need priority and serve as a basis for judgment when there is any
              confliction.



            12.5.2 The General Process of Stakeholder Analysis

            Stakeholder analysis includes the three steps: to list stakeholders, to analyze the
            stakeholders, and to extract the function demands.

            12.5.2.1 List Stakeholders
            To analyze the stakeholders, we need to identify the right stakeholders and ensure
            that no important stakeholders are omitted. The fragmentation method and the
            exhaustive method will serve as the two important methods for identifying important
            stakeholders. We can identify the required stakeholders in the following reference:

            • Identifying the stakeholders from the main product scenario or customer
              process.
            • Identifying the stakeholders in the product life circle.
            • Identifying stakeholders by searching the keywords.



            12.5.2.2 Analyze the Stakeholders
            The stakeholders involved in a product are multiple. We can identify and categorize
            the stakeholders and determine the roles they are playing in a project so that we can
            catch a structured and logic analysis of the stakeholders.
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