Page 384 - Effective Communication Soft Skills Strategies For Success by Nitin Bhatnagar, Mamta Bhatnagar
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372    |    Model Question Papers

                   Non-assertion
                   You find an excuse not to take the letter back, or you say: ‘I know it is . . . . any chance at
                   all you could find a spare minute to—just change one or two small things in this letter
                   for me’.


                   Aggression

                   ‘I don’t know how you’ve got the nerve to give me this sort of stuff for signing. It is full
                   of mistakes.’

              b.   Intonation is perhaps the chief means by which the speaker conveys his attitudes and
                emotions. The grammar of an utterance does not reveal in any noticeable way whether the
                speaker’s attitude is one of politeness, assertiveness, concern, incredulity, etc.
                Intonation makes distinctions of attitudinal nuances to which grammar most often gives
              no structural clues. The following pairs of sentences show how intonation signals the speaker
              attitudes and emotions.
              c.   There  should  be  a  common  experience  between  two  or  more  people  for  an  effective
                communication. Several factors, which influence the process of communication, are as
                follows:

                    1.   Age factor (we are young or old)
                    2.   Sex factor (we are men or women)
                    3.   Economic factor (we are rich or poor)
                    4.   Location factor (we are rich or poor)
                    5.   Mental factor (we are bright, slow or average)
                    6.   Education factor (we are graduates or illiterate)
                    7.   Organization factor (we are of this institution party or that institution)

                    8.   Vocation factor (we are teachers or farmers)
                    9.   Social factor (we are in the middle income group or in low income group)
                   10.   Racial factor (we belong or do not belong to a minority ethnic group)
                   The above mentioned are some of the factors, which influence communication. There
                   are several others but the above list includes only the major factors.
              3.   a.   A number of communication related behaviours have been identified by researchers, most of
                   which are inherited, e.g., sociability, public speaking, assertiveness, etc. Other  researchers like
                   Beatley, Mc Crosky and Hiesel, (1996), found genetic predispositions and  communication,
                   such as communication apprehension. Krants and Price (1976), gives the explanation of
                   personality variables such as reinforcement, social norms and  modeling. Each of these alter-
                   native explanations is, to some degree relevant to the development of various communica-








       Bhatnagar_Model Question Paper.indd   372                                         2011-06-24   3:12:38 PM
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