Page 134 - Academic Press Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology 3rd BioTechnology

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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN007O-865 July 6, 2001 17:0

Image-Guided Surgery

Ferenc A. Jolesz
Harvard Medical School

I. Image-Guidance Methods and Technologies
II. Intraoperative Imaging
III. Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
IV. Image-Guided Neurosurgery
V. Thermal Ablations
VI. Cryoablation
VII. Conclusion

GLOSSARY to provide images of subsurface tissue.
Minimally invasive surgery Surgery that involves the
Cryosurgery Surgery that involves the application of least possible intrusion into the body of instruments or
extremely low temperatures to destroy tissue. other foreign material and mechanisms.
Focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) Surgery that in- Stereotactic surgery Surgery that involves the highly
volves the use of extremely high frequency sound tar- specific location of a discrete site (e.g., in the brain)
geted to highly specific sites of a few millimeters or and the precise direction of the surgical device to and
less. at that site.
Image-guided therapy (IGT) A general term for thera- Thermal ablation The removal or destruction of tissue
pies based on some form of imaging data describing by means of heat.
conditions below the visible surface, as a complement
to or replacement for direct observation.
Interstitial laser therapy (ILT) A form of thermal abla- CURRENT EXCITING progress in minimally invasive
tion using a laser as the heat source. surgery, the introduction of new imaging modalities, and
Intraoperative imaging Imaging done during the actual the availability of high-performance computing are the
course of an operation. setting for the development of novel image-guided ther-
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) A contemporary apies. Image-guided therapy (IGT) is changing the fun-
technique of medical imaging in which a rapid oscil- damentals of traditional surgery by replacing and/or com-
lation of atomic nuclei occurs when certain elements plementing direct visualization with volumetric imaging
placed in a strong magnetic field are exposed to a radio (Jolesz, 1997). This new approach not only represents
pulse of appropriate frequency; this produces a signal a technical challenge but also a transformation of pro-
that can be detected by external sensors and employed cedures based on hand–eye coordination into interactive

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