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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN011L-523 August 10, 2001 11:17

Optical Fiber Techniques for

Medical Applications

Abraham Katzir

Tel Aviv University

I. Introduction
II. Optical Fibers
III. Lasers for Fiberoptic Medical Systems
IV. Fiberoptic Endoscopes
V. Fiberoptic Medical Diagnostics
VI. Integrated Fiberoptic Systems
VII. Laser–Fiberoptic Systems and Their Clinical
Applications
VIII. Novel Fiberoptic Medical Systems
IX. Outlook

GLOSSARY Endoscope Optical instrument used for viewing internal
organs.
Acceptance angle Maximum incident angle for which Fiberoptic endoscope A flexible endoscope that contains
an optical fiber will transmit light by total internal a fiberscope and ancillary channels for medical instru-
reflection. ments and for irrigation or suction.
Catheter Flexible hollow tube normally employed to Fiberscope Viewing instrument that incorporates an or-
inject liquids into or to drain fluids from body dered bundle for imaging and a fiber bundle for illumi-
cavities. nation.
Cladding Outer part of an optical fiber; has a lower re- Laser catheter Catheter that incorporates an optical fiber
fractive index than the core. for the transmission of a laser beam.
Core Inner part of an optical fiber; has a higher refractive Laser endoscope Endoscope that incorporates an optical
index than the cladding layer. fiber or rod lens system for the transmission of a laser
Critical angle Minimum incidence angle in a medium of beam.
higher refractive index for which light is totally inter- Light guide Assembly of optical fibers that are bundled
nally reflected. but not ordered; used for illumination.

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