Page 379 - Academic Press Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology 3rd Chemical Engineering

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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN009K-419 July 19, 2001 20:57

314 Membranes, Synthetic, Applications

TABLE VIII Liquid Separations a
Liquid-to-liquid
Liquid-to-vapor
Pressure Concentration Electrically Pressure and
driven driven driven
concentration Temperature
Industry and applications RO UF MF D DD MSX CT ED EDR driven, PV driven, MD
Desalination Potable water production
Seawater ∗
Brackish water ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Municipal wastewater ∗ ∗
reclamation
Ultrapure water production ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Utilities and power Boiler feedwater production ∗ ∗ ∗
generation Cooling tower blowdown ∗
recycle
Metals and metal Hydrometallurgy ∗ ∗
finishing Mining effluent treatment ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Plating rinse water reuse ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
and recovery of metals
Oil–water separation ∗
Electrocoat paint recovery ∗
Food processing Dairy processing ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Sweeteners concentration ∗
Juice and beverage processing ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Protein recovery, ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
concentration, and
purification
Textiles Dyeing and finishing, ∗ ∗
chemical recovery,
water reuse
Pulp and paper Black-liquor concentration ∗
Effluent disposal and ∗ ∗
water reuse
Chemical process Process water production, ∗ ∗
industries reuse
Effluent disposal and ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
water reuse
Chlor-alkali production ∗
Electrochemical synthesis ∗
Water–organic liquid separation ∗ ∗
Organic liquid mixture separaion ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Biotechnology/ Fermentation products ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
medicine recovery and purification
Cell harvesting, virus and ∗ ∗
antibody concentration
Protein desalting, concentration ∗ ∗
and fractionation
Blood processing, including ∗ ∗ ∗
artificial kidney
Analytical Isolation, concentration, ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
and identification of
solutes and particulates
a
Key: RO, reverse osmosis; UF, ultrafiltration; MF, microfiltration; D, dilaysis; DD, Donnan dialysis; MSX, membrane solvent extraction; CT,
coupled transport; ED, electrodialysis; EDR, electrodialysis reversal; PV, pervaporation; MD, membrane distillation.