Page 193 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

Power Generation From Renewable Energy Sources 171

Table 11.5 Specifications of smoke meter
Type Hartridge smoke meter
Object of measurement Smoke
Measuring range opacity 0%–100%
Accuracy +/−2% relative
Resolution 0.1%
Smoke length 0.43 m
Ambient temperature range −5°C to +45°C
Warm-up time 10 min (self-controlled) at 20°C
Speed of response time Within 15 s for 90% response
Sampling Directly sampled from tail pipe
Power supply 100–240 V AC/50 HZ
10–16 V DC @ 15 amps
Size 100 mm × 210 mm × 50 mm

the manometer connection, and a vane at the tube entry. The light source
and photoelectric cell are each mounted on an arm pivoted on each end
of a spring located control shaft, which is operated by a control knob. The
opacity of the smoke sample is compared to a clean air sample by first taking
reading through the clean air tube to set the zero, then moving the light
and photoelectric cell to the smoke tube for an instantaneous comparative
reading of the opacity of the tube sample.
As far as exhaust gas composition is concerned, during the steady state
operation different emission levels were measured. The quantities of these
gases are measured by using five gas exhaust gas analyzers. In the present
study, Model Gasboard-5020, A DELTA 1600 S exhaust gas analyzer is used,
in which nondispersive infrared technology (NDIR) is used. This analyzer
measures gas concentration of CO, HC, CO 2 , O 2 , and NO simultaneously.
It has RS-232 interface and built-in printer (optional). Infrared gas passes
through four optical band pass filters that are each characteristic for the target
gases (one filter being reference filter). Four pyroelectric detectors collect
light passing through the four filters and thereby produce a voltage propor-
tional to light intensity. Finally, the data measured is sent to the analog to dig-
ital converter (ADC) and processor does the sampling of ADC and stores in
a memory for the reference. The emission levels are measured on volumetric
basis. The specification of exhaust gas analyzer is given in the Table 11.6.

11.6.1 Carburetor or Mixing Chamber for Air and Producer Gas

Suitable carburetor was used for mixing air and producer gas. Carburetor is a
mixing chamber that has the essential orifices for air and fuel (producer gas)