Page 39 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

Energy Extraction From Toxic Waste Originating From Food Processing Industries 27

Inlet For cooking Pipe
and electricity
Seal Access cover

CH + CO 2 4 Methanogenesis
4
Biogas Nutrient-rich
sludge for fertilizer
Complex proteins, O +CO 2 + H
fats, and carbohydrates CH 2
3 Acetogenesis
1 Hydrolysis Slurry
Short-chain
volatile acids
O
Amino acids, fatty acids,
and simple sugars OH
O
OH
2 Acidogenesis

Fig. 3.7 Photograph of anaerobic digester.
in January–February [31]. Thus, there is a need to improve the overall effi-
ciency of the anaerobic digestion process. Attempts have been made to ei-
ther reduce the HRT or enhance the biogas production for the same HRT
by incorporating fixed film matrices in the reactors [32]. The photograph of
anaerobic digester is shown in Fig. 3.7.
Several mechanical, thermal, chemical, and biological pretreatment
methods have been investigated to improve the performance by easy ac-
cessibility of intermolecular matters to anaerobic micro-bacteria. Farland
[33] reported that the stability of the anaerobic process and the rate of gas
production depend upon the organic feed rates. Deublein and Steinhauser
[34] documented that the optimized methane gas production is dependent
on the rate of optimized decomposition.

3.5.3.1 Biogas From Biomass, a Feasibility Issue
Weiland [35] documented that biomass is comprised of a high content
of cellulose, proteins, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives, thus forming
a natural renewable resource for an eco-friendly inexpensive and sustain-
able material. These materials of biomass are readily available in municipal
solid waste (MSW), food waste (FW), crop residue (CR), agricultural waste
(AW), and wood residues (WR).