Page 13 - Fair, Geyer, and Okun's Water and wastewater engineering : water supply and wastewater removal

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Contents

1. Introduction to Water Systems 1
1.1 Components of Water Systems 3
1.2 Required Capacity 4
1.3 Sources of Water Supply 5
1.4 Rainwater 6
1.5 Surface Water 7
1.5.1 Continuous Draft 7
1.5.2 Selective Draft 7
1.5.3 Impoundage 7
1.6 Groundwater 10
1.6.1 Springs 11
1.6.2 Wells 12
1.6.3 Infiltration Galleries 12
1.6.4 Recharging Devices 13
1.7 Purification Works 14
1.8 Transmission Works 17
1.9 Distribution Works 19
1.9.1 High and Low Services 21
1.9.2 Fire Supplies 21
1.9.3 Pressures 21
1.9.4 Capacity 22
1.9.5 Service to Premises 22
1.10 Water Systems Management 22
1.10.1 Municipal Supplies 22
1.10.2 Individual Small Supplies 24
1.11 Individual Water Systems 24

2. Water Sources: Surface Water 29
2.1 Sources of Surface Water 30
2.2 Safe Yield of Streams 34
2.3 Storage as a Function of Draft and Runoff 35
2.4 Design Storage 37
2.5 Loss by Evaporation, Seepage, and Silting 39
2.5.1 Water-Surface Response 39
2.5.2 Seepage 41
2.5.3 Silting 41
2.6 Area and Volume of Reservoirs 43
2.7 Management of Catchment Areas 44
2.7.1 Upland Areas 45
2.7.2 Lowland Areas 45

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