Page 24 - Fair, Geyer, and Okun's Water and wastewater engineering : water supply and wastewater removal

JWCL344_fm_i-xxx.qxd 8/26/10 5:51 PM Page xviii

xviii Contents
16.12.3 Size of the Problem 619
16.12.4 Impacts of Sanitary Sewer Overflows 620
16.13 Exfiltration 621
16.13.1 Causative Factors 622
16.13.2 Health and Environmental Impacts 623
16.13.3 Corrective Measures 624
16.13.4 Rates of Exfiltration from Sewers and
Cost of Correction 625
16.14 Corrosion Analysis and Control 627
16.14.1 Types and Mechanisms of Corrosion 627
16.14.2 Hydrogen Sulfide in Sewers 627
16.14.3 Factors Affecting Sulfide Concentration 629
16.14.4 Structural Corrosion 630
16.14.5 Sulfuric Acid Production 631
16.14.6 Conducting a Corrosion Survey 632
16.14.7 Rehabilitating Corroded Sewers 634
16.14.8 Sulfide Corrosion Control 634
16.14.9 Control of Other Forms of Corrosion 636
16.15 Sewer Sediment Control 637

17. Trenchless Technology and Sewer System Rehabilitation 641
17.1 Excavation and Replacement 642
17.1.1 Description 642
17.1.2 Procedures and Equipment 642
17.1.3 Costs 643
17.2 Chemical Grouting 644
17.3 Pipe Bursting or In-Line Expansion 645
17.4 Sliplining or Insertion 646
17.4.1 Description 646
17.4.2 Procedures and Equipment 648
17.5 Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP) Lining 650
17.5.1 Description 650
17.5.2 Procedures and Equipment 651
17.6 Fold and Formed (Modified Cross-Section Lining) 652
17.7 Specialty Concrete 655
17.7.1 Description 655
17.7.2 Procedures and Equipment 655
17.8 Liners 657
17.8.1 Description 657
17.8.2 Procedures and Equipment 658
17.9 Coatings 659
17.9.1 Description 659
17.9.2 Procedures and Equipment 659
17.10 Spot (Point) Repair 659
17.11 Advantages and Disadvantages of Trenchless
Technology 660
17.12 Applicability of Trenchless Technology 661